Apoplexy (rupture) of the ovary is a hemorrhage that results from rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst , corpus luteum or connective tissue.
As a rule, apoplexy of the right ovary, just like the left, occurs in women about 40 years of age and older. Doctors identify the so-called "critical points", in the presence of which this gap most often occurs. As a rule, apoplexy occurs in the second phase of the menstrual cycle. This is because during ovulation and before menstruation, the blood vessels of the ovarian tissues are most permeable.
Apoplexy of the left ovary is approximately 3 times less common than the right. This is due to the fact that in the right ovary more active blood circulation due to the fact that its artery departs from the aorta. In the left, blood comes from the renal artery.
There are several main reasons that cause the development of this pathology:
- inflammatory processes localized in the pelvic organs and causing the development of tissue pathology (for example, connective tissue sclerosis) and vascular changes (sclerotic and dystrophic);
- varicose ovarian veins;
- blood diseases;
- prolonged use of drugs that impair blood coagulation.
These diseases are conditions that may result in apoplexy of the right ovary. There are still external and internal factors contributing to this outcome. The first group includes:
- injuries of the abdominal cavity,
- strong physical stress,
- non-standard sexual intercourse.
Among the internal causes include pathology of the uterus, which cause disturbances in the usual blood flow, an ovarian tumor that presses on it, adhesions in the pelvic area. Sometimes apoplexy of the right ovary can occur even during a night's sleep or just relaxing, without any objective basis.
Doctors tend to believe that this pathology is most often caused by hormonal disruptions. Then there are disruptions in the central nervous system, various stressful situations and the environmental situation.
As a rule, apoplexy of the right ovary is characterized, first of all, by pain symptoms, which begin to manifest in the lower abdominal cavity. The reason for this is receptor tissue irritation, bleeding, and cramping. As accompanying signs, dizziness, nausea, vomiting and fainting conditions are indicated, the manifestation of which depends on the level of blood loss.
As a rule, pain appears if the hemorrhage is in the tissue of the follicle or corpus luteum.
Ovarian apoplexy, the consequences and treatment of which depend on the severity of the disease, can be eliminated either by conservative or surgical methods.
If conservative treatment is prescribed (which happens in case of small blood loss), then it means applying ice compresses to the lower abdomen, the patient’s peace, physiotherapy, taking medications to help stop the bleeding, and vitamins. This form of treatment is used only if there is a mild form of apoplexy. Most often, nevertheless, an surgical intervention is prescribed, which accurately allows you to diagnose the degree of complexity of the disease and adjust its course as accurately as possible.
If the pain does not stop, and the condition worsens (tests show an increase in bleeding, unstable blood movement), surgery is prescribed (laparoscopy or laparotomy).
The life and health of the patient depends on how quickly the diagnosis is made and the necessary adequate treatment is prescribed.