Cystitis is an infectious disease for the treatment of which medication is used, mainly antibacterial. Treatment of young patients with drugs that suppress the growth of living cells is carried out very carefully. What antibiotics for cystitis in children are the safest, the pediatrician determines. Only he can prescribe a medicine that will eliminate the infection with virtually no harm to the child's body.
Features of the course of cystitis in children
Cystitis is an infection characterized by inflammation of the mucosa and submucosal layer of the bladder. The disease is one of the most common urinary tract infections in pediatric and urological practice. Inflammation of the walls of the urea is diagnosed in children of different ages and gender. However, pathology is more common in girls aged 4 to 12 years. The reason for this is the anatomical features of the female urinary system.
In children, the causative agent of infection is often E. coli, less commonly epidermal staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 25% of cases, a significant viral agent is not detected. The role of viruses in the occurrence of cystitis in children is not fully known. It is noted that adenoviruses, herpes simplex virus contribute to the disturbance of microcirculation in the bladder and create a favorable environment for the development of a bacterial inflammatory process.
With bacterial cultures of urine with inflammation of the urea, chlamydia and ureaplasma are sometimes detected in children. As a rule, infection with such microorganisms occurs from sick parents with poor hygiene (use of a common washcloth, towels). The main cause of fungal cystitis in children is antibiotic treatment over a very long period.
The pathogen can penetrate in the descending, ascending, lymphogenous, hematogenous or contact ways.
Therapies for cystitis in childhood
Cystitis in children develops rapidly and is very rapid. The main symptom is urination, which occurs every 20 minutes. Children cry and act up from stomach pains. But thanks to such symptoms, parents will learn about the presence of pathology at its initial stage, which increases the chances of a favorable prognosis.
After the diagnostic measures, the pediatrician prescribes treatment, which includes the following:
- Bed rest with a complete exclusion of activity.
- Dry heat in the bladder, small children (under 3 years old) are wrapped in a blanket.
- Milk and vegetable diet, increased water intake.
- To reduce the pain prescribed "Papaverine."
- The use of antibacterial agents is the basis of therapy. With the help of drugs, the pathogen is eliminated. What antibiotic for cystitis in children should be prescribed, the pediatrician determines based on the type of infection, the course of the pathology, and the age of the child.
To consolidate the result, physiotherapy is performed.
Basic principles of antibiotic therapy in children
Treatment of cystitis in children is mainly carried out on an outpatient basis. The child is not under round-the-clock supervision, therefore medications should be used carefully. When choosing a drug, the pediatrician takes into account the following factors:
- Test results. The tool is selected depending on the causative agent of the infection, its resistance to certain antibiotics.
- Contraindications If antibacterial agents are contraindicated for the child, then the treatment tactics will be changed.
- The age of the patient. The tool is selected in accordance with the number of full years of the child. When calculating the dosage of antibiotics for cystitis in children 6 years old, only age is taken into account. And if the drug is prescribed to a child at 3 years old, then the dose calculation is based on body weight.
- When choosing an antibiotic, it is taken into account which drugs the child received in the previous 2-3 months. When prescribing the same groups of drugs for a short time, the risk of decreasing the resistance of pathogenic microflora increases.
Antibiotics for cystitis in children: list of drugs
On the pharmacy shelves there is a wide range of different drugs that suppress the growth of living cells. Since relatively recently, Russian legislation has been amended to dispense certain medicines from pharmacies. Antibiotics for children are sold only as directed by your doctor. The parent must provide the pharmacy with the written appointment of the pediatrician with his signature and seal.
The most commonly prescribed antibiotics for cystitis in children:
- Penicillins are a group of natural compounds produced by different types of Penicillium mold and a number of semi-synthetic ones. The drugs are active against many gram-positive microorganisms, as well as meningococci, spirochetes. In childhood, "Amoxiclav" is prescribed (up to 6 years it is recommended to use a suspension), "Augmentin", "Ecoclave", "Fibell".
- Macrolides are antibacterial drugs that are active against gram-positive cocci, mycoplasmas, ureaplasmas, chlamydia. In addition to antibacterial, this group of drugs has an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effect. When cystitis is used, "Sumamed forte", "Hemomycin."
- Cephalosporins. The drugs have high bactericidal activity, chemotherapeutic activity, and resistance. Cephalosporins of the II and III generation are prescribed for children, they have a wider range of action and fewer side effects. These include: Zinnat, Taracef, Zedeks, Suprax, Cefaclor.
- Derivatives of phosphonic acid. They have a strong bactericidal effect, enhance the effect of some antibiotics. Basically, "Fosfomycin", "Monural" are appointed as pediatricians.
What antibiotics are prescribed for cystitis in preschool children
When prescribing drugs, age-related contraindications and limitations of the drug are mandatory. When they are established, the reference point is the physiological characteristics characteristic of a certain age.
With cystitis, a child of 5 years old is prescribed the same antibiotic as children in 3 or 4 years. In babies from 3 years, weight is important when prescribing the drug. The instruction for medicines is advisory in nature, the appropriateness of the use of certain funds is determined by the doctor.
In a child, the immune system is poorly formed, diseases progress very quickly. In certain cases, it is worth ignoring the manufacturer’s recommendations and giving the child an “off-age” antibiotic. Untreated cystitis in the future may cause other serious diseases of the urinary system or dysfunction of the reproductive organs.
Features and Benefits of Penicillins
The use of antibiotics of the penicillin group in children 4 years old with cystitis is considered the most safe if there are no contraindications. This group of drugs has been used for a long time, but the doctor will prefer penicillins. This is due to the fact that they have several advantages:
- This group of antibiotics includes natural compounds, so they have low toxicity.
- Penicillins are pioneer antibiotics. For almost a century of their history, they have been well studied, numerous clinical studies have been carried out, including their effect on the children's body.
- The drugs have a wide range of dosages. This characteristic is very important if the drug is prescribed for the first time, which usually occurs in childhood.
- Most penicillins are allowed to be used at an early age.
Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins have a greater spectrum of action than penicillins. They are also often prescribed by doctors. Parents have a question: is it not dangerous to use antibiotics of the cephalosporin group in children 4 years old with cystitis?
In young patients, therapy is carried out with the latest generation of cephalosparins. They are active against a very large number of pathogenic bacteria. If in addition to cystitis, the child also has infections, then the drug can cure them. This makes it possible to avoid another antibiotic therapy.
The use of macrolides in children
Macrolides are considered one of the least toxic antibacterial drugs. When using them, there were no cases of nephrotoxicity, the development of arthropathy, and toxic effects on the central nervous system. Allergic manifestations and antibiotic-associated diarrhea are rare. It is believed that the appointment of these antibiotics for cystitis in a child of 3 years and even younger is quite safe.
The most commonly prescribed drugs are:
- Hemomycin. For children, powder is used to prepare the suspension, it is allowed to be used from 6 months. Dosage is calculated individually depending on the weight of the child. The duration of use is determined by the doctor. It must be borne in mind that the finished suspension is stored for 5 days, you can not use the drug after this period, even if the therapy is not completed and the suspension still remains.
- Sumamed forte. Effective against staphylococci, streptococci group A, B, C, G, hemophilic bacillus. The drug is approved for use from 6 months and weighing at least 10 kg. Sumamed Forte is sold in the form of a powder from which a suspension is prepared. The finished solution has several flavors: strawberries, raspberries, bananas. Usually, children are willing to take this medicine. The shelf life of the finished product is 10 days.
The consequences of antibiotic therapy
As you know, antibiotics kill not only harmful, but also beneficial bacteria. The child’s body is most sensitive to drugs that suppress the growth of living cells.
The use of antibiotics for cystitis in children should be accompanied by the use of agents that restore the natural intestinal flora. Most often, the doctor prescribes Linex, Acipol, Bifidumbacterin. Probiotics should be given to the child from the first days of taking the antibiotic.
Another common side effect of using antibacterials is allergies. To avoid it, children are prescribed antihistamines "Zodak", "Zirtek". But even with their use, the child should be examined for the presence of allergic manifestations (hyperemia, rashes on the skin).
Can bladder inflammation be cured by alternative methods?
Despite the fact that safe antibiotics are used in children with cystitis, some parents stubbornly resist their use. The use of alternative recipes reduces the symptoms and drowns out the disease, which leads to its chronicity.
The use of sedentary baths with decoctions of herbs is possible only as an addition to the main therapy. But all alternative methods must be agreed with the doctor before their use.
Therapy of cystitis includes physiotherapeutic procedures, but they are mainly prescribed after eliminating the infection. Children are shown electrophoresis, microwave therapy, magnetotherapy on the suprapubic area.
Prevention of inflammation of the walls of the bladder
In order not to wonder what antibiotics are considered the safest in children with cystitis, all measures should be taken to prevent the disease. To do this, follow simple rules:
- Genital hygiene.
- Make sure that the child regularly, without delay, went to the toilet.
- Timely and completely treat any infection.
- Regular prevention of helminthiases.
- Ensure that the child consumes enough fluids.
- Exclusion of hypothermia.
Conclusion
Cystitis is an infection that requires antibiotics to treat. Modern drugs are less toxic and can be used even at an early age. The main thing is that during therapy, closely monitor the condition of the child and, with strange symptoms, seek the advice of a pediatrician.