Hemorrhagic vasculitis is an ailment that is part of the group of primary systemic diseases that affect mainly young people. The disease manifests itself in the form of arthralgia, microthrombosis, palpable purpura and malfunctions of the stomach and intestines. The disease proceeds with frequent relapses, in some cases, renal failure may develop. Pathology has been studied by scientists for a long time, but there is still no exact data on the etiology, pathogenesis and methods of therapy. In addition, an exact classification is also lacking, so the topic is difficult to cover. Let's look at how hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults looks in the photo, which treatment is better to be carried out - by traditional methods or folk?
What triggers the development of the disease?
Vasculitis manifests itself against the background of inflammatory processes in the walls of blood vessels. After a short period of time, the permeability of small blood vessels increases, in these gaps, fibrin and thrombotic masses are deposited. As a result, microthrombi and hemorrhagic syndrome appear . One of the names of this pathology is capillarotoxicosis.
The defeat of small joints is not as dangerous as the pathology that affects the veins and arteries. The main thing is to determine exactly what are the causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults, and then the treatment will be selected as accurately as possible. The main provoking factors for the development of pathology, doctors distinguish the following:
- infections caused by parasites: trichomoniasis, clay infestations;
- infections caused by bacteria: streptococci, mycoplasma, tuberculosis mycobacteria, staphylococci;
- foodborne toxic infections;
- viral infections: influenza, SARS, herpes;
- allergic reactions to medicines, products;
- vaccination;
- hypothermia of the body.
Some scholars still believe that there is a high risk of disease in those who are predisposed to certain types of immune reactions. In most cases, school-age children are ill, but only isolated cases of the disease are recorded in infants.
We decided what the causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults are, the treatment will be effective after the classification of the disease becomes clear.
Pathology classification
There are several clinical forms of the disease:
- lightning fast;
- skin;
- rheumatoid;
- renal;
- abdominal;
- mixed.
The nature of the pathology can be divided into several types:
- acute - lasts up to two months;
- protracted - lasts for up to 6 months;
- chronic - a long period, accompanied by relapses, remission and exacerbations.
There are several degrees of hemorrhagic vasculitis, treatment in adults will be effective only after their exact determination:
- Easy. In this case, the patient's condition does not cause serious concern, the rash on the body is rare, with small foci, accompanied by minor pain in the joints.
- Medium. The general condition of the patient worsens significantly, the skin is covered with a profuse rash, the joints are strongly twisted, and pains in the peritoneum appear from time to time.
- Heavy. Weakness throughout the body, angioedema, rashes cover most of the body, ulcers appear in some places, there may be bleeding in the stomach and intestines, and kidney failure develops.
What does hemorrhagic vasculitis look like?
Hemorrhagic vasculitis begins to develop, the treatment of which in adults is selected individually, with a usual skin rash. These are small and symmetrically located bruises of a small size that do not disappear if pressed on.
In addition, it should be noted:
- rashes can occur near the joints or on the buttocks;
- rashes provoked by the development of hemorrhagic vasculitis (treatment in adults requires a special approach) rarely appear on the skin of the face, trunk and palms;
- the intensity of the rashes can be different - from single foci to mass lesions with their subsequent merger;
- during the extinction of the disease, pigmentation remains on the skin, periodically peeling is noticeable in its place.
Clinical manifestations
The clinical manifestations of the symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis depend on the severity of the course of the disease and the localization of inflammatory processes. Treatment of the disease individually. Pathology begins to develop sharply and is accompanied by fever to febrile numbers. In rare cases, the temperature may not be.
In addition, the disease is characterized by skin rashes of different sizes. In rheumatology, the symptoms of hemorrhagic vasculitis may differ (we will consider treatment a bit later).
- Skin syndrome . This form is acute and accompanied by high temperature, diffuse spots with hemorrhagic elements are noticeable on the skin. Most often, the rash appears on the legs, buttocks, hips, mainly in the joints. In rare cases, it can be localized on the limbs and trunk. In severe form, the rash can develop into necrosis, small ulcers appear. With a chronic form and a long course of pathology, peeling appears on the skin.
- Joint Syndrome . This type is observed in 70% of patients with hemorrhagic vasculitis, symptoms and treatment in patients may vary. But most often this type is accompanied by joint pain with the development of the inflammatory process. Predominantly large joints are affected by the disease. In addition to inflammation, there is a swelling with disorders of the musculoskeletal system. This syndrome can occur at the onset of the disease or during progression. If therapy is started on time, then the joints do not atrophy.
- Abdominal syndrome. Most often manifests itself in children with hemorrhagic vasculitis. Treatment (parental reviews confirm this) gives good results if it is timely. The syndrome is accompanied by pain in the peritoneum of varying intensity, which is present in each section of the stomach and intestines. In addition to pain, there are: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea and flatulence. In severe form, without timely treatment, gastric and intestinal bleeding may occur.
- Renal syndrome. It is observed only in 25% of patients. It is accompanied by signs of acute glomerulonephritis with hematuria or nephrotic syndrome. These symptoms lead to kidney failure and can be dangerous to humans.
In addition to the main symptoms, the disease causes general intoxication, lack of appetite, urinary retention.
In adults, treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis should be timely, because it can affect other organs, causing such symptoms:
- hemorrhagic pneumonia, which manifests itself in the form of a cough with sputum with streaks of blood;
- hemorrhagic myocarditis with damage to blood vessels and heart;
- hemorrhagic meningitis affects the vessels of the brain, accompanied by headache, irritability, convulsions, cerebral hemorrhages, which leads to stroke and disability.
Symptoms of the disease are expressed and require urgent medical attention and the selection of individual treatment, depending on the manifestations and the syndrome.
Diagnostic methods
We examined the causes of hemorrhagic vasculitis in adults. The prognosis, treatment of such a disease may differ in different patients, it is urgent to consult a doctor who will prescribe a comprehensive examination.
The main diagnostic methods are:
- coagulogram;
- detection of circulating immune complexes ;
- determination of immunoglobulins, cryoglobulins and constituent complement systems;
- biochemical analysis;
- general detailed blood count with a leukocyte count.
Treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis
Therapy of vasculitis should be comprehensive, consist of therapeutic and medical methods. You can add traditional medicine to the main methods. In rare cases, surgery may be required.
Therapeutic treatment consists in general wellness procedures. You can observe a hypoallergenic diet, limit physical activity, but physiotherapy exercises are needed.
Of the hardware techniques, plasmapheresis can be prescribed. This procedure allows you to cleanse the blood of toxins, germs and other harmful substances. But without taking medication, it will not be possible to cure the disease.
As for taking medications, with hemorrhagic vasculitis, it is prescribed:
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that help relieve the inflammatory process and lower body temperature;
- membrane stabilizing agents, they help restore tissue affected by the disease;
- cytostatics restore immunity;
- antacids that help reduce the risk of stomach damage;
- antispasmodics help reduce pain.
In addition, with hemorrhagic skin-shaped vasculitis, treatment in adults requires taking other groups of drugs, the choice of which depends on concomitant pathologies and the presence of chronic ailments.
Surgery is rarely used in the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis, mainly in cases where the intestines and kidneys are severely affected. In this case, the patient is removed from the affected areas of the intestine or a kidney transplant is performed.
Treatment of skin hemorrhagic vasculitis is carried out locally, ointments are used for this:
- Acemine
- dibunolol;
- venorutonic;
- "Solcoseryl."
These funds help restore the elasticity and density of the walls of blood vessels. In case of ulcerative-erosive manifestations, other ointments are recommended: Vishnevsky, Mikulich or Iruksol.
In addition to the traditional treatment, traditional medicine is also effective.
Hemorrhagic vasculitis: treatment with folk remedies
Effective grandmother's recipes:
- Take three tablespoons of field ivy and elderberry flowers, add one and a half tablespoons of mint and the same yarrow to them. Mix everything thoroughly and take 60 grams of the collection, pour 0.5 liters of hot slightly cooled water and let it brew for 12 hours. Take a decoction of ½ cup 5 times a day. Also, this decoction can be used as lotions on damaged areas of the skin, apply tissue dipped in the decoction for 20 minutes.
- Mix together mountain arnica, calendula and Japanese sophora. Take 10 grams of the collection and pour a glass of boiling water, leave for three hours, and then strain and drink 1 tablespoon every 8 hours.
- You can prepare an alcohol tincture, for this you will need to grind three large lemons, add 5 tablespoons of cloves, two glasses of sugar and 0.5 ml of medical alcohol. Insist for two weeks, and then take 1 tablespoon before each meal.
- You can prepare your own ointment for the treatment of hemorrhagic vasculitis. It is prepared as follows: grind 200 grams of birch buds into powder and mix with kilograms of nutria fat. After the mixture is sent to the oven for three hours, repeat this throughout the week, and then strain and lubricate the affected areas.
It is easy to treat folk hemorrhagic vasculitis with folk remedies. Alternative treatment will be effective only if you clean the intestines. To do this, you can use this infusion: take 40 grams of the collection, which contains elecampane, tansy, immortelle and wormwood, pour a liter of hot water. Leave for two hours, and then strain. It is necessary to drink the broth on an empty stomach, while adding water in a ratio of 1: 1. Take twice a day.
You should also clean the blood. To do this, you need to prepare the infusion of frankincense. Dry leaves are poured with boiled water, the night is infused and in a strained form, ½ cup is taken on an empty stomach.
Complications
It is worth remembering that if you do not immediately take any measures and do not treat hemorrhagic vasculitis, then the complications can be much more serious than it seems:
- bowel obstruction;
- pancreatitis
- perforation of ulcers in the intestines and stomach;
- peritonitis;
- posthemorrhagic anemia;
- thrombosis and heart attacks;
- neuritis and cerebral disorders.
Complications occur in patients who did not seek help in a timely manner.
Preventative methods
After the patient has undergone a course of treatment, he is recommended to adhere to certain recommendations - preventive measures, only in this case there will be no relapse. Doctors recommend to their patients:
- adhere to a hypoallergenic diet, it is strictly forbidden to eat chocolate, citrus fruits, eggs and nuts;
- refuse vaccination and various samples with bacterial antigens;
- exclude all physiotherapy procedures;
- take antibacterial agents only in the most extreme cases;
- treat infections on time;
- regularly check for helminthic infestations;
- avoid hypothermia and overheating;
- regularly visit a doctor;
- limit yourself to physical activity, but physiotherapy is even welcome;
- Avoid contact with chemicals.
Prognosis of inactivity for hemorrhagic vasculitis
The initial stages of the disease in some patients can go away on their own, but in other cases, if appropriate measures are not taken, the disease can lead to death. The fulminant form can lead to the death of the patient, and all because the central nervous system is affected and a hemorrhage in the brain occurs.
If you discover the disease in time and begin treatment, then half of the patients experience a speedy recovery, and the second half may have relapses, but only if they re-encounter the cause that provoked the development of the disease.