The follicular ovarian cyst is often formed against a background of lack of ovulation. Most often, it occurs in young girls during puberty. A follicular cyst in which the diameter does not exceed 6 cm basically does not have any symptoms. With the formation of hormone-active cysts, an increase in estrogen levels is possible. In this case, the disease is accompanied by menstrual irregularities. In this case, uterine bleeding that occurs in mature women and premature puberty in preteen girls and older are not uncommon. If the diameter of this neoplasm reaches 8 cm or more, then the appearance of twisting of the cyst legs is possible. In this case, there is a violation of blood circulation, the death of the ovarian tissue and, in extreme cases, the cyst ruptures. The follicular ovarian cyst most often forms during ovulation, and in the future can reach up to 8 cm in diameter.
How to determine that a woman has developed a follicular cyst? Symptoms of the disease: ovarian enlargement, abnormal bleeding, menstrual irregularities, sharp pains from the patient ovary, aggravated during rupture of the cyst. About a quarter of women with this type of neoplasm experience acute pain during ovulation. Most often, these formations do not cause other symptoms and very often go away after some time without treatment. But, despite this, the attending physician is obliged to observe the neoplasm using ultrasound, and if over time it does not disappear, then prescribe the necessary treatment. The final diagnosis is established only on the basis of regular clinical manifestations, vaginal examinations, laparoscopy and confirmatory ultrasound findings. Ultrasound examination of this formation is a rounded single-chamber formation with thin walls and homogeneous contents (a light, slightly colored aqueous liquid, sometimes containing blood impurities).
A follicular cyst with a diameter of up to 8 cm needs dynamic observation with subsequent ultrasound examinations. As a rule, within 2 months, such a cyst can undergo a reverse development. In order to accelerate this reverse process, certain oral contraceptives are prescribed, starting from 5 to 25 days of the menstrual cycle. Such therapy is prescribed for 2-3 cycles.
A follicular cyst in which a diameter of 8 or more centimeters is subjected to the procedure of husking and suturing of the walls of the cyst or resection of the ovary. As a rule, such operations are carried out without abdominal incisions, but only with the help of laparoscopy. If the cyst is complicated by torsion of the leg or rupture of the ovary, an emergency surgery is performed. If the circulation of the ovary is disturbed, it is removed.
Most often, non-pregnant women have single follicular cysts. Such a neoplasm occurs in reproductive age, mainly after the menarche in the early years, as well as before menopause. Least of all they are determined in the postmenopausal period. Rare cases of the occurrence of follicular cysts in children are known. They are usually a component of Mccune-Albright Syndrome.
Follicular cysts do not belong to tumor (neoplastic) lesions. Their formation is considered a consequence of abnormal secretion of gonadotropin. They arise with a temporary variation of normal physiological processes. A follicular cyst can occur in the absence of a rupture of a matured dominant follicle or normal atresia of an immature follicle. In the second case, the follicle loses its ability to reabsorb the follicular fluid.