Ever since Fleming discovered Penicillin, antibiotics have become a constant aid in the work of medical practitioners. Currently, the amount of antibacterial drugs used to treat patients is very impressive.
"Cefotaxime" is a fairly widely used antibiotic in pediatrics and for adult patients.
Structure
Reviews about "Cefotaxime" are abundant.
The main active ingredient of the drug is cefotaxime. The medicine is used exclusively in the form of injections. In syrups, capsules, tablets, etc., it is not produced, and there is no infant suspension.
Release form
The product is available in vials in which the lyophilisate is located, that is, powder for the preparation of an injection solution. They contain 500/1000/2000 mg of the antibiotic in the form of a sodium salt. The prepared solution is applied intramuscularly or intravenously. According to reviews, “Cefotaxime” is excellent for children.
Indications
The medication is successfully prescribed for infectious processes of varying severity, which affect:
- lower and upper respiratory tract;
- ENT organs;
- genital and urinary systems;
- Pancreas and skin integument;
- organs of the peritoneal cavity (including the occurrence of peritonitis);
- musculoskeletal system.
In addition, the drug is prescribed for severe septicemia, meningitis (except for meningitis, which is caused by listeria), bacteremia and other infectious processes of the central nervous system.
Reviews on the use of “Cefotaxime” are mostly positive.
The drug is used in therapy:
- uncomplicated and complicated types of gonorrhea;
- Lyme disease;
- salmonellosis;
- chlamydia;
- endocarditis;
- inflammatory-purulent diseases in immunodeficiency states;
- serious gynecological infections (including septic abortions).
In the field of surgery, it is used for prevention, to prevent the appearance of septic complications.
Contraindications
The drug is contraindicated for people with individual intolerance to drugs of the B-lactam series, patients with ulcerative nonspecific colitis, with bleeding, with severe heart failure, AV block.
Although cephalosporins are included in the number of antibiotics that are approved for use during pregnancy, Cefotaxime can only be used if absolutely necessary if there is no safe alternative.
When breastfeeding, the drug is also not prescribed. If necessary, its use in nursing mothers, lactation is stopped for the entire duration of treatment.
In addition, age restrictions must be considered. The medicine is administered intravenously from the first days of life, but its intramuscular use is allowed only from two and a half years.
Caution should be used to treat patients with chronic kidney failure.
With intramuscular administration, an allergic reaction to lidocaine is also a contraindication.
This confirms the instructions for use for the cefotaxime product. We will consider reviews below.
Features dosage of the drug in injections
The drug is used intramuscularly and intravenously. With the latter method, it can be administered both drip and jet. It is imperative that you use a skin test for sensitivity to antibiotics before use. With intramuscular administration of the drug, an additional test for lidocaine is placed.
Cefotaxime is administered intravenously from the first days of life. Intramuscular administration is allowed for children after two and a half years.
For children weighing more than 50 kilograms and adults, an antibiotic is prescribed in a standard dosage - 1000 milligrams twice a day. The prescribed doses are adjusted depending on the severity of the patient's condition. If necessary, the product is used up to six times a day. The maximum dose during the day is twelve grams.
Patients with uncomplicated gonorrhea should be given a single dose of 1000 milligrams, intramuscularly. Women are recommended to reintroduce after twelve hours.
If the patient has infectious and inflammatory processes localized in the urinary tract, it is necessary to prescribe 2-3 times a day for a thousand milligrams.
In the treatment of infectious diseases of moderate severity, you need to enter the drug for 1-2 grams twice a day.
With bronchitis, “Cefotaxime” in children weighing more than 50 kilograms is prescribed twice a day for 1000 milligrams.
If the infections are severe (for example, meningitis), the amount of “Cefotaxime” is equal to two grams every 4-8 hours. The daily dose should not be higher than twelve grams.
The duration of the therapeutic course is determined by the severity of the disease, the minimum duration of treatment with the drug is equal to a week (the exception is only uncomplicated gonorrhea).
When using an antibiotic before surgery as a prophylaxis in order to avoid purulent-septic complications, a dose of a thousand milligrams is introduced when the patient is anesthetized. If necessary, re-use after 6-12 hours.
If women are given a cesarean delivery, 1000 milligrams of the drug is injected intravenously at the time the clamp is applied to the umbilical vein. One gram of the drug is reintroduced after 6-12 hours.
Means "Cefotaxime" is prescribed for tonsillitis course, duration - from seven to ten days.
If the child's weight is less than 50 kilograms, then the daily dosage is calculated by body weight. It is prescribed as a standard from 500 to 100 mg per kilogram. The dosage should be divided into 3-4 injections.
If the patient has meningitis and other serious infections, then the daily amount of the drug can be increased. In this case, the child is prescribed from one hundred to two hundred mg per kilogram. The dosage is administered 4-6 times.
The dose of the drug for premature and newborns
The drug “Cefotaxime” is prescribed to the baby at 50 milligrams per kilogram per day, is divided into two applications and is prescribed until the first week of life. In addition, the drug is prescribed for premature babies. In this case, it is used from seven to thirty days, 50-100 mg per kilogram per day is used and is divided into three doses.
Side effects
According to reviews of Cefotaxime, complications such as gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions are especially common. Other side effects are rare. Negative symptoms from antibiotic therapy can occur in the form of defects in the digestive tract (flatulence, dyspeptic disorders, intestinal dysbiosis, abdominal pain, in rare cases, glossitis and stomatitis occur).
During treatment with the drug, there is a likelihood of pseudomembranous colitis, which is a dangerous and serious complication, accompanied by prolonged diarrhea (up to twenty times a day). It is associated with the activation of Clostridium difficile in the intestine , therefore, the therapy includes the immediate cessation of administration and the appointment of Metronidazole and Vancomycin (drugs are used orally).
After treatment, women may experience thrush. This is confirmed by the “cefotaxim” instructions and reviews.
Allergic reactions can vary in severity from skin itching to hives, to angioedema, anaphylactic manifestations and epidermal toxic necrolysis, etc.
The hepatobiliary system is able to respond to acute renal failure, hepatitis, biliary stasis, jaundice, etc.
In addition, there may be changes in the parameters of the blood test. For example, a decrease in the number of agranulocytes, leukocytes and neutrophils, an increase in eosinophils. Biochemical analysis may include an increase in liver transaminases.
In rare cases, hypocoagulation and hemolytic anemia appear.
Sometimes patients complain of excessive fatigue, headaches and drowsiness. Also, in isolated cases, reversible type encephalopathy with convulsions occurs. At the injection site, redness, soreness, tissue infiltration or phlebitis are noted. Reviews about the injections of Cefotaxime are of interest to many.
Analogs
The drug has a large number of analogues. Among which the most popular: "Klaforan", "Rocefin", "Cephantral", "Klafotaksim", "Klaforan".
Reviews about "Cefotaxime"
The drug is highly effective in many pathogens, is prescribed from the first days of life and has an extensive dosage range, which allows you to effectively make adjustments in accordance with the severity of the disease.
In their responses, many patients characterize the drug positively, noting the high effect of its use.
Negative reviews of “Cefotaxime” are associated with complaints of defects in the activity of the gastrointestinal tract and painful injections during use. Allergic reactions and thrush, dizziness, and weakness can also occur. Other side effects are very rare.
We have reviewed the instructions for use of Cefotaxime, reviews and analogues.