In certain situations, there is an increase in pressure in the arteries of the lung. In this case, we can say that pulmonary hypertension of the 1st degree develops. What is it and what are the symptoms of the disease? It is worth noting that such a disease takes the third place among all cardiovascular pathologies. The main danger of this condition is the development of heart failure and even death.
Pulmonary hypertension of 1 degree. What it is
Due to the fact that there is an increase in the volume of blood flow in the pulmonary artery, pressure in this area increases significantly. This is the reason that the right heart is experiencing increased stress. There is a narrowing of the lumen of medium and small pulmonary capillaries. As a rule, most often the disease is diagnosed in women than in men. There is an opinion that a very high risk of developing hypertension is observed in people with immunodeficiency, drug addicts, those who take special medications to reduce hunger.
Types of disease
There are these types of diseases: primary pulmonary hypertension and secondary. The first is a rather rare disease. The causes of its occurrence are little known. Experts suggest that autoimmune conditions, a family history, and birth control pills can trigger the disease. Also, one of the reasons may be a violation of the vascular bookmark in the embryo. Secondary hypertension is a consequence of diseases and defects of the lungs, heart disease, blood vessels and even cirrhosis. Changes that occur with blood vessels, thickening of their shell leads to a constant increase in pressure. The right ventricle increases, but its functionality is impaired. The so-called pulmonary heart develops.
Symptomatology
The signs of pulmonary hypertension are as follows. First of all, shortness of breath appears (even if physical activity is insignificant). Often it is observed and in a calm state. Also, patients complain of general weakness, uncharacteristic fatigue. Pain may occur in the sternum and heart. Vascular spasms may cause fainting. Often, patients observe coughing blood streaks (in sputum). This phenomenon is explained by the fact that blood stagnation occurs as a result of changes. Also, very often with hypertension, hoarseness of the voice is observed. If a pulmonary heart develops, then the pain in this area will be constant. Often, the symptomatology is not clearly expressed, so the diagnosis can only be made by an experienced specialist after carrying out the necessary studies.
Stage Hypertension
The following degrees of pulmonary hypertension are distinguished. The first - mild - is characterized by the fact that physical exertion does not cause shortness of breath, the symptoms of the disease are practically absent. The second degree is as follows: at rest, symptoms do not occur. However, any load can provoke dizziness, shortness of breath, weakness. On the cardiogram, an overload of the right heart will be visible. In the third degree of pulmonary hypertension, the symptoms are pronounced, severe shortness of breath, chest pain. Diffuse cyanosis also attaches to the symptoms. Among the signs distinguish and swelling of veins in the neck, the appearance of edema. The fourth phase is characterized by constant pain, shortness of breath even at rest, great discomfort.
Hypertension in newborns
Not only in adults, but also in newborns, pulmonary hypertension of the 1st degree is possible. What it is? During childbirth, a jump in pressure inside the vessels (triggering pulmonary circulation) can occur. This may cause the development of hypertension in the child. In this case, the mechanism starts, the action of which is aimed at reducing the pressure. Blood is discharged through the embryonic duct, which is not yet overgrown. The clinical picture in this condition is as follows: the child’s breathing is difficult, shortness of breath is very pronounced. It is worth noting that pulmonary hypertension of the 1st degree in a newborn is quite dangerous. If medical care is not provided on time, then death occurs after a few hours. Most often, the disease is observed in transferred children. Among the possible causes of the development of pathology, experts also highlight the use of antibiotics, aspirin.
Hypertension treatment
The treatment of the disease depends on the cause that provoked it. Often, oxygen inhalation is used to alleviate the human condition. However, they are contraindicated if pulmonary arterial hypertension is diagnosed . Specialists prescribe drugs that relax blood vessels. Such treatment is effective in the early stages. Diuretic and blood thinners may also be used. After discharge, you must adhere to the recommendations of the doctor, follow a plan of physical activity, adhere to a diet. In severe cases, organ transplantation (lung, heart) is recommended. If treatment has a positive trend, then the prognosis is quite favorable. However, they depend on what indicators of pressure in the pulmonary artery are. If the level exceeds 50 mm Hg. Art., then most of the patients die within 5 years. Least favorable prognosis for primary pulmonary hypertension. Survival of patients in this case is 22-38% (in a five-year period).
Alpine pulmonary hypertension 1 degree
What is it, now we will discuss.
The catalyst for the development of this pathology is a low partial pressure in atmospheric air.
This condition provokes
hypertrophy of the right ventricle, a violation of its functionality. Most people who live high in the mountains do not notice symptoms of the disease. Often it is manifested only by the appearance of shortness of breath at certain loads. Over time, it becomes a constant phenomenon, tachycardia,
coughing up blood can join it
. With high altitude hypertension, a person must be relocated to the foothill area (if symptoms arose as a result of elevation). A number of special drugs are prescribed. If stable pulmonary hypertension of the 1st degree is diagnosed, then the treatment will be complex. One of the methods of therapy is a recommendation for a change of residence. In addition, mountain residents should be registered at the dispensary and take bronchodilators and secretolytics for prevention.
Northern pulmonary hypertension
In residents of the northern regions, northern hypertension of the 1st degree is observed. What it is?
Low temperatures can provoke the so-called polar dyspnea. Due to cooling of the airways, bronchial resistance increases. Often such processes are observed among those who moved to the North from other latitudes. There are several stages of lung adaptation. The first (accommodation up to 1 year) is characterized by increased pressure in the arteries of the lungs. In the second stage, it decreases slightly (accommodation up to 2 years). The third degree is characterized by the fact that the pressure is much higher than normal. Almost all residents (about 80%) who live in this region from 3 to 15 years old are diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension. The fourth stage is as follows: the pressure increases, the condition worsens. With an adaptive type of disease, a change of residence is recommended.