To carry out body research, methods based on x-rays are used. The introduction of a contrast agent into the human body enhances the diagnostic capabilities. Adding iodine molecules to the drug increases their effect.
Description
The medicine “Urografin” is considered to be an instruction for use as a means for radiopaque diagnosis with an ionic structure. It is introduced into the vessels and cavities.
The medicine refers to injection solutions, is available in the form of a clear, colorless or slightly colored liquid.
Structure
In the Urografin medication, the instructions for use determine the active components based on the acid 3,5-bis- (acetylamido) -2,4,6-triiodobenzoic. The composition includes its two salts: sodium and meglumine. There are two dosages of the drug at 60 and 76 percent.
One milliliter of the solution may contain 0.292 g or 0.370 g of iodine particles. The amount of meglumine amidotrizoate in one ampoule is 10.4 g or 13.2 g, and sodium amidotrizoate is 1.6 g or 2 g. The concentration of the first salt in one milliliter is 0.52 g or 0.66 g, and the second is 0 08 g or 0.1 g
To obtain a stable solution, inactive ingredients are used in the form of calcium sodium edetate, sodium hydroxide and injectable aqueous medium.
The medicine is packaged in 20 ml ampoules.
Similar means
Medication “Urografin” refers to instructions for use as drugs that increase image contrast due to the absorption of x-rays by iodine ions, which are included in amidotrizoate salts.
To use the drug, you need to know the features of the injection solution related to osmolality, viscosity, density and the value of the hydrogen index.
It contains all the above data of the drug "Urografin" instructions for use. The analogs in the form of Triombrast and Trazograf preparations are also used as radiopaque diagnostic agents that contain iodine particles.
With the introduction of such a medicine, the image of the organ becomes more contrast.
What is used for
The medication “Urografin 76” recommends the use of the drug for retrograde urography, angiographic examination, arthrography, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
The medicine is taken before intraoperative cholangiography, sialography, fistulography, hysterosalpingography.
How to use
Before using Urografin 76, the instructions for use advise you to prepare the patient in advance. For angiographic examination of the abdominal organs and urographic procedures, thorough cleaning of the stomach is required. Two days before the manipulations do not take food, causing bloating. Such products include legumes, salads, black and fresh baked goods, raw vegetables.
Before the examination, dinner can be no later than 18 hours, after which they take laxatives. Recent recommendations do not apply to young children.
Excitement, pain attacks enhance the reaction processes to the medicine, so a person is psychologically reassured by conversation or medication.
With myeloma, an increase in glucose in the bloodstream with impaired renal, polyuria, oliguria, hyperuricemia, hydration manipulations are performed for babies and the elderly to restore the water-electrolyte level.
Ready-made tool "Urografin" instruction recommends using only while maintaining the physical properties of the solution. If a precipitate has appeared, the shade has changed or there is damage to the package, it is not used. The liquid is collected before administration, and the residual solution is disposed of.
Dosage is determined by age, body weight and general well-being of a person. With insufficient work of the kidneys or heart, a minimal amount of medication is used. After the procedure, these organs should be monitored for three days.
For angiographic measures, a constant flushing of the catheter with physiological saline is required to prevent the risk of thromboembolic. When the drug is injected into the vessels, it is necessary to ensure a lying position. Half an hour after the injection, the patient is carefully monitored in order to identify adverse processes in time.
To confirm the disease, re-use the drug in large quantities at intervals of 10 to 15 minutes in order to compensate for the increased serum osmolarity with interstitial fluid. With the introduction of a single adult dosage of from 0.300 to 0.350 l of the drug, electrolyte solutions should be instilled.
The medicine "Urografin" instructions for use recommend heating up to 36 degrees, which will allow the contrast medium to be introduced more quickly and easier to transfer due to a decrease in viscosity. Not all ampoules are heated, but only the right amount.
This tool does not conduct preliminary testing because of the unreliability of the results.
Researching
With intravenous urographic diagnosis, the drug is administered in 20 ml per 1 minute. If there is a violation of cardiac function, the medication is administered more slowly, which is half an hour.
An adult patient is prescribed 0.02 L of the drug “Urografin 76” or 0.05 L of a 60 percent drug. An increase in the amount of the drug with a higher concentration up to 0.05 L helps to increase diagnostic accuracy.
Photos of renal parenchymal tissue are taken at the end of the injection for better display. To visualize the structure of the pelvis and urinary tract, 1 photo is taken after 5 minutes, and 2 - 12 minutes after the fluid is infused.
With infusion use of 0.1 l of the drug, the duration of the procedure is from 5 to 10 minutes. For people with myocardial diseases, such an amount is injected into the veins in half an hour. The first photos are taken at the end of the introduction, and the next is carried out for 20 minutes.
During X-ray examinations of the circulatory system, when aortography, angiocardiography or coronarography is performed, high doses of the Urografin medication are used. The use of a solution of 76% is preferred. The amount of medication is determined by age characteristics, weight, minute volumes of the heart muscle, general well-being, and methodology.
The urinary system is studied using a retrograde urographic examination, in which the contrast medium is injected catheter into the lumen of the urethra. A 30 percent liquid is used, which is obtained by diluting a 60 percent solution with injection water in a ratio of 1 to 1. In order to avoid spasms in the ureter when irritated with a cold medicine, the contrast preparation is heated to 36 degrees.
For some examinations, a 60 percent undiluted agent must be administered. High dosage of medication sometimes causes signs of irritation.
The tool is injected under fluoroscopic control to perform arthrographic, hysterosalpingographic examination and retrograde cholangiopancreatography.
How to drink the drug
To perform computed tomography of the intestines and other organs, doctors prescribe the oral administration of the Urografin drug. Instructions for use inside do not recommend taking, it does not describe this method of use. If the attending physician has not notified the patient about the rules of use and dosage, then it will be difficult for the patient to find information.
Medical workers recommend drinking Urografin solution before research. Instructions for use for CT reads that the contents of one ampoule (20 ml) must be diluted with one liter of pure water, take this liquid in stages.
Use begins 24 hours before diagnosis, as a result of which the intestines and other organs are contracted. The last 200 ml of the Urografin solution recommends that you enter the CT manual when entering the office. A preliminary test for oral administration is not prescribed.
When not using
For the “Urografin” medication, contraindications are associated with a clear increase in the functioning of the thyroid gland, decompensated by insufficient cardiac function.
Acute pancreatitis will not allow a cholangiopancreatographic examination.
Hysterosalpingographic diagnosis is not performed in the state of bearing the child and in the acute inflammatory reaction in the pelvic region.
Myelographic, ventriculographic and cisternographic studies are not performed when contrasting with this medicine due to its neurotoxic effect.
Adverse reactions
On the drug "Urografin" instructions for use include information about side effects during intravascular infusion. Undesired respiratory reactions are associated with shortness of breath, cough, pulmonary edema, and respiratory arrest.
Disturbances in the digestive system are manifested by vomiting, pain symptoms in the stomach.
Changes in the work of the cardiac and vascular are associated with fluctuations in blood pressure and contractile frequency. Dangerous thromboembolic complications that provoke myocardial infarction are sometimes possible.
Undesirable reactions of the urinary system are manifested by impaired hepatic and renal functioning.
Changes in the central nervous system are characterized by headaches, imbalance, loss of consciousness, deterioration in auditory and visual reactions, convulsive seizures, fear of light, coma, drowsiness.
Local phenomena include inflammatory processes, venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, tissue necrosis.
Treatment features
The medication "Urografin" instruction suggests using it carefully when there is an excessive sensitivity to the product containing iodine. Accurate administration requires severe renal and hepatic lesions, insufficient heart muscle function, emphysema, poor patient health, atherosclerotic vascular disorders, decompensated increase in blood sugar, subclinical increase in thyroid function and generalized myeloma. Undesirable consequences in these conditions can develop from the infusion of a drug into a vein.
The use of a radiopaque medication can cause hypersensitivity, which is manifested by difficulty breathing, erythema redness of the skin, rash, burning or swelling of the front of the head. In severe disorders, angioedema, bronchial spasm and anaphylactic shock condition develop. Undesirable effects can occur within 60 minutes after taking the medicine.
Most often, side effects appear in patients who are allergic to seafood and iodinated components, who have had attacks of hay fever, urticaria, or bronchial asthma. Before prescribing a radiopaque medication, the doctor must examine past human illnesses. If there is a high probability of an allergic process, then antihistamine therapy is used to prevent it.
Hypersensitivity to the drug is enhanced by the use of beta-blockers. Such drugs cause resistance to the usual treatment of allergies.
Inorganic iodine solution is able to change the functioning of the thyroid gland. These data are taken into account when administering the drug to patients with a latent form of hyperthyroidism.
In old age, there is a pathology of the vascular wall and a neurological unstable state, which reinforce undesirable processes from iodine-containing contrast medications.
With intravascular infusion, insufficient kidney function sometimes appears. To prevent it, you need to study past renal diseases, to detect the existing insufficiency of this organ. Myeloma, advanced age, progressive vascular disease, paraproteinemia, severe forms of high blood pressure, deposition of uric acid in the joints increase the risk.
If there is a danger of developing such a reaction, then the hydration procedure is preliminarily performed using the intravascular infusion method. It is also carried out at the end of the diagnosis in order to remove the contrast agent through the kidneys.
To reduce the load on the body during the period of drug removal, do not use nephrotoxic and cholecystographic oral medications, do not perform renal vascular angioplasty or major surgical interventions.
With violations in the heart valves and with increased pressure in the lungs, the use of the drug leads to a pronounced hemodynamic change. Elderly people with myocardial diseases in the past are more prone to ischemic and arrhythmic lesions. If there is heart failure, then with intravascular use, the drug can provoke swelling of the lung tissue.
Reviews
Typically, patients normally perceive a radiopaque medication. All adverse reactions from taking the medicine are described by the Urografin preparation. Reviews often indicate good tolerability of the drug. Patients more often characterize the diagnostic procedure itself than receive a contrast agent.
There are reviews about the introduction of the drug into the uterine cavity. This procedure causes unpleasant, uncomfortable sensations.
Not all information about the methods of administration contains instructions for use on the Urografin solution. For CT, reviews indicate the need to take the diluted drug orally one day before the examination and in the manipulation room. To taste, it resembles ordinary colorless water, which does not smell anything.
There are negative reviews when the patient was not able to perform urographic diagnostics due to complaints of an uncomfortable state when the drug was administered. The patient became ill, his blood pressure significantly decreased.
It is believed that in the absence of allergic manifestations of iodine particles, the use of the drug should not be afraid. This medication with a proven safety profile is used by many specialists for examinations.