Arterial hypertension, degree 2, risk 2 - what is this type of hypertension? What consequences is it fraught with, what contributes to its appearance, can this disease be cured? These questions are asked by people who already have such a diagnosis, and those who are not familiar with high blood pressure, it will be interesting to familiarize themselves with the information presented in order to be fully equipped and prevent hypertension in their lives.
Arterial hypertension 2, degree of risk 2 - what is it?
The degrees of hypertension and its severity are diagnosed based on measurements of blood pressure. At 2 degrees, it for a long time rests on the numbers 160 (180) / 90 (110) mm Hg. Art. This is considered moderate hypertension, but the condition is already critical, since normal pressure is practically absent, and if the disease is not treated, then it very quickly develops into a more severe degree. This happens because irreversible changes in the organs begin from this pressure, they are forced to rebuild under the influence of high rates. First of all, it is the heart, kidneys, brain, and in the very early stages, changes in the retina appear. They are also called target organs, as they are the first to be hit and suffer the most, even if symptoms are still absent.
In addition to the severity, hypertension is also divided according to the degree of risk to which the target organs are exposed. When determining the degree of risk, the doctor is guided by many factors: he takes into account the patient’s gender, weight, blood cholesterol, hereditary predisposition, the presence of endocrine disorders, bad habits, lifestyle, condition of organs, which are primarily exposed to high blood pressure. At grade 2, these risk factors may be absent or only one or two of these symptoms will be available.
At risk 2, the likelihood of irreversible changes in the organs after 10 years, fraught with heart attacks and strokes, is 20%.
Consequently, the diagnosis of grade 2 arterial hypertension, risk 2, is made when the indicated pressure lasts for a long time, there are no endocrine disorders, but one or two internal target organs have already begun to undergo changes, atherosclerotic plaques have appeared.
Symptoms
In the case when the pressure is constantly elevated and arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree has already developed, the person is accompanied by symptoms that prevent him from fully living and working. They appear softly, blurry and not necessarily all at once, but they cause inconvenience and reduce the quality of life:
- periodically dizziness appears;
- swollen eyelids, face, upper limbs;
- the skin of the face turns red, the capillary network protrudes;
- a person feels constant weakness and weakness;
- pressure makes itself felt with a throbbing pain in the temporal region or in the back of the head;
- sometimes it gets dark in the eyes, flickering black dots appear;
- noise in ears;
- sclera of the eyes expand and redden, vision deteriorates;
- the walls of the left ventricle of the heart thicken;
- problems with urination are possible;
- emotional arousal makes itself felt.
Causes
The diagnosis of grade 2 arterial hypertension , risk 2 usually comes with age, because the body wears out, the lumens narrow in the vessels and blood circulation becomes difficult. But in recent years, this diagnosis has been made to patients a little older than 30 years, and, more surprisingly, even very young people can find individual symptoms of this disease. Why is the pressure unstable, which provokes such high numbers?
- Atherosclerosis: because of it, the vessels lose their elasticity and the gaps in the arteries narrow.
- Hereditary factors and genetic predispositions.
- Harmful habits: smoking and alcohol.
- Lifestyle: people move too little.
- High body mass.
- Increased blood sugar, hormonal changes in the thyroid gland.
- Kidney disease.
- Stressful situations.
- Excessive salt intake causes water retention in the body.
Pressure and kidney
With hypertension of the 2nd degree, the main excretory organ, the kidneys, is primarily harmed. First of all, the smallest vessels of the organ suffer. Narrowing, they are not able to provide normal blood flow, and a small inflammation first appears in the kidney. In response to this, the hormone renin begins to be produced. Further, the process is aggravated, the renin-angiotensin system is activated, causing an even greater increase in pressure. The kidneys gradually deform and atrophy, become shriveled, unable to perform their functions.
Brain and high blood pressure
Arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree is capable of causing irreparable harm to the vessels of the brain. Due to constant tone, they become thinner, lose elasticity and become fragile. The cholesterol accumulating in them prevents them from functioning normally and fulfilling their functions. First, small foci of small hemorrhages form in the brain. Regardless of the origin of hypertension, disturbances in the brain will be achieved if treatment is not started in time. This test may result in a hemorrhoidal or ischemic stroke.
Heart and arterial hypertension
High blood pressure puts the heart muscle to a difficult test, and this does not pass without a trace for it. First, coronary arteries are affected , and the number of atherosclerotic plaques in them increases. Secondly, the myocardium is tremendously overstrained, delivering blood to organs and tissues. Trying to cope with the stresses, the heart grows in size, which leads to myocardial hypertrophy, and then it begins to simply collapse due to excessive overvoltage. If a person had a healthy heart, then under the influence of these factors it suffers and quickly wears out.
Diagnostics
Diagnostic methods for this disease are divided into 2 types - physical and instrumental, on this basis, and the diagnosis is “grade 2 arterial hypertension, risk 2”.
The medical history is the main document that reflects the data of all research methods. First, the results of a patient survey, his complaints are entered there. They already give an idea to the specialist about the characteristic features of the disease, and sometimes one can assume the presence of grade 2 hypertension, but the risk level cannot be determined. Therefore, the doctor prescribes regular two-week measurements of blood pressure in the morning and evening.
The medical record reflects the condition of the skin, swelling, the results of listening with a stethoscope to the work of the heart and lungs, the size and location of the heart are determined. A good doctor already at this stage determines the degree of damage to target organs and can make the correct diagnosis.
Then instrumental methods are appointed that will most fully present the picture of the developed pathology. Ultrasound of the liver, kidneys, thyroid and pancreas is prescribed. This helps to determine the cause of the disease based on the state of the organs and determine the harm that she has already done to the body.
An ultrasound scan of the heart and an echocardiogram can determine the level of damage and see changes in the ventricle.
Narrowing of the renal arteries will help determine dopplerography. Even if one vessel is damaged, there is reason for the progression of this disease, especially when blood clots have already formed there.
A blood and urine test is also prescribed.
Treatment
The risk of developing a heart attack or stroke is about 20%, but there is a chance to reduce the risk of these serious complications by 4 times if you take medications.
When making a diagnosis, the doctor prescribes a complex of drugs that reduce blood pressure and prevent it from rising, as well as freeing the heart from excessive hypertension.
- First of all, these are the main drugs that remove excess fluid from the body - diuretics.
- ACE inhibitors or ARBs, relaxing the walls of blood vessels.
- Medications that slow down the rapid rhythm and arrhythmia of the heart are beta-blockers and antiarrhythmics, renin inhibitors.
- Medications relaxing the heart muscle.
- It is effective during the treatment period the use of antioxidants and vitamins.
- Means that remove excess cholesterol.
It is worth using only medications prescribed by a doctor, and if the pharmacist suggests replacing them with a similar composition in the pharmacy, it is better to refuse the offer and look for the drug elsewhere.
Arterial hypertension 2, risk degree 2 - are they enlisted in the army with this diagnosis?
Hypertension is getting younger every decade, and there are cases when young men 18-23 years old are diagnosed with this. And if the young body has already been harmed, how will it cope with psycho-emotional stress and physical activity?
When a person arrives at the draft board with the results of an examination on his hands, in which “arterial hypertension of degree 2, risk 2” is written in black and white, the army is contraindicated to him, and the doctors issue a verdict: unsuitable.
If during the medical examination an increase in pressure to 160/90 is detected, the young man will be given a delay of six months and a proposal will be made to undergo a full examination for the diagnosis of arterial hypertension, degree 2, risk 2, and the army will no longer face a conscript if confirmed .
Prevention
The measures aimed at maintaining health, improving well-being, and weight loss will help to stop the further development of hypertension and reduce its indices:
1. Improving performance through moderate physical exertion: walking, light running, swimming, breathing exercises, restorative exercises, training on simulators. The complexity of the tasks is carefully selected and intensified gradually; at the initial stage, the duration should not exceed half an hour.
2. Animal fats must be minimized in the diet, they are a source of harmful cholesterol, which is deposited in blood vessels.
3. Reducing the volume of products containing sodium: sausages, salted preparations for the winter, smoked products, some types of cheeses.
4. Preference should be given to low-fat products, vegetable oils, vegetables, fruits, instead of meat, it is better to include low-fat fish in the menu.
5. It is important to add foods with a high potassium content to your diet, it is necessary for the heart muscle at high loads.
6. To abandon the addictions that provoke high blood pressure - smoking and drinking alcohol.
7. Normalize sleep, observe the correct regimen of the day.
8. More positive emotions, walks in nature, auto-training and the development of methods of psychological unloading.
9. If there is no allergy, then, after consulting a doctor, you can use vitamins, fortifying herbs, antioxidants.
A stable increase in pressure and arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree, risk 2 is not a sentence, but the problem requires attention. If the disease is not treated, it will progress, take on new positions, destroying the body. Therefore, you need to try very hard in order to maintain your health and a full life for many years.