There are diseases, the presence of which a person learns by accident during a routine medical examination. These include the parapelvical cyst of the kidney, which is detected by ultrasound. Pathology practically does not manifest itself in any way, especially at an early stage of development, so it may seem that it does not pose a threat to health. But this is not so. With the advanced stage, the disease can cause the development of serious complications. What contributes to the occurrence of this pathology and what treatment is used, we will consider in the article.
Definition
Parapelvical cyst is a benign mass that is localized in the region of the renal sinus. It is a capsule that is filled with clear or yellow contents. The disease in most cases occurs in adults mainly male. The most common parapelvic cyst of the left kidney, but now there are more frequent cases of bilateral organ damage. A neoplasm can be either single or multiple. The cyst has a tendency to grow, so it is very important in this case to diagnose earlier and timely treatment.
Causes of occurrence
The exact causes of the development of the parapelvic cyst of the right kidney and left are still not fully understood. Some experts are confident in the congenital origin of the pathology and attribute this to impaired organ development during intrauterine development. But there are also acquired forms of pathology. Let's consider them in more detail:
- Injury to the kidneys as a result of falls, bumps, bruises.
- Improper nutrition, which is dominated by fatty, smoked, flour products and fast food.
- Unhealthy lifestyle - drinking alcohol, smoking.
- Systematic subcooling.
- Long-term stress and psycho-emotional stress.
- Bad ecology.
- Infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.
- Hormonal disorders.
- Passive lifestyle.
It happens that the exact cause of the disease cannot be established. In this case, it is necessary to identify all chronic diseases that could have an impact on the development of pathology.
Symptomatology
The parapelvical cyst of the right or left kidney may not bother for a long time. But as it grows, it begins to exert pressure on neighboring tissues and organs, disrupting their normal functioning. It is during this period that the symptoms associated with the disease occur:
- Aching in the back of the affected kidney. Sometimes they are paroxysmal in nature.
- High blood pressure.
- Urination disorders in the form of a decrease in urine volume. This is due to compression by the formation of the ureter.
- Visual impairment.
- Prostration.
- General malaise.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Frequent urination.
- The increase in size of the abdomen.
If parapelvic cysts of both kidneys formed at the same time, the manifestations of symptoms will be more pronounced.
Diagnostic measures
It is impossible to determine the presence of the disease with a visual examination, therefore, a set of instrumental and laboratory studies is used to confirm the diagnosis. These include:
- General analysis of blood and urine.
- MRI
- Ultrasound examination of the kidneys. This method is more informative, as it allows not only to determine the location of the cyst, but also its size and development dynamics.
- CT scan.
- Sonography of the kidneys.
- Angiography of the arteries of the kidney.
- Emergency urography. An effective diagnostic method in which the size of the formation, displacement of the ureter, pathology of the renal pelvis is revealed.
- Dopplerography. This examination checks the blood flow in the organ in order to exclude the malignant nature of the tumor.
- Histology. It is prescribed in extreme cases when the risk of developing malignant processes is high.
If the general indicators are normal, and the cyst does not exceed three centimeters, conservative supportive therapy is prescribed and the condition is monitored.
Treatment
The treatment regimen for the parapelvic kidney cyst is determined by the attending physician based on the results of the analysis results. Therapy is prescribed individually in each case, taking into account the course of the disease and the general condition of the patient. Currently, there are two most common treatment options - conservative treatment and the surgical method. Let's consider them in more detail.
Conservative therapy
This method includes taking medication and is prescribed if the cyst is small and does not tend to grow. Also, it should not interfere with the normal functioning of neighboring organs. Treatment in this case includes taking the following categories of drugs:
- Antispasmodics.
- Painkillers.
- Anti-inflammatory.
- Diuretics.
- Antibiotics.
- Preparations for restoring the water-salt balance in the body.
- Herbal medicines to normalize blood circulation.
Treatment is carried out in a hospital, and in some cases at home. It is important to remember that with a conservative method, it is necessary to systematically undergo an ultrasound examination in order to control a cyst.
Surgical method
The method of surgical intervention is used in an extreme case, when conservative treatment has not brought significant results, and the cyst continues to grow and has a negative effect on other organs. Also, the surgical method is used if the parapelvic cyst has grown more than 5 centimeters. Currently, the operation can be carried out in several ways:
- Laparoscopy. The most effective and gentle method. It is performed using a special device - a laparoscope. The recovery period is rather short, the risk of bleeding and complications is minimized.
- Abdominal surgery. It is prescribed for large cysts or suspected malignant nature of the formation. It has a number of complications and a long recovery period.
- Puncture of the kidney. With this method, a special device is introduced into the cyst cavity, which pumps out fluid from it. After that, a substance capable of gluing cystic walls is pumped into the vacated cavity, after which they are scarred. This method is rarely used, as it has a high risk of infection.
Indications for surgical treatment
Not in all cases, surgical intervention is advisable. Factors that are indicative of surgery include:
- Chronic stagnation of urine.
- Rapid tumor growth.
- Strong pain.
- Arterial hypertension.
- Purulent processes in the kidneys.
- The degeneration of the cyst into a malignant formation.
- Tissue necrosis.
ethnoscience
Traditional medicine has proven itself as an adjuvant therapy. The use of alternative medicine can be allowed with a small cyst and in the absence of obvious symptoms.
The most popular recipes for treating parapelvic cysts are:
- Rosehip broth.
- The infusion is celandine.
- Burdock.
- Aspen Bark Powder.
It is important to remember that before taking any medicinal herbs, you must consult your doctor.
Complications
Despite the benign nature of education, sometimes situations arise in which pathological processes develop. This can happen with cyst growth or in the absence of treatment. The most common complications of parapelvic cyst include the following conditions:
- Pyelonephritis.
- Rupture of a cyst. This is a very dangerous condition in which the fluid leaked from the neoplasm enters the abdominal cavity, as a result of which there is a high risk of infection of the internal organs.
- Renal failure.
- Accumulations of pus.
- The occurrence of calculi.
- The degeneration of the cyst into a malignant form.
- Also, due to impaired functioning of the kidneys, the whole organism is intociscated, in which the functioning of all organs and systems of a person is disrupted.
Prevention
Since the exact causes of the formation of parapelvic cysts of the right or left kidney have not yet been studied, there are currently no specific preventive measures for this disease. But there are general recommendations that will reduce the risk of pathology. These include the following recommendations:
- Routine medical examinations and ultrasound examinations of internal organs.
- Drinking mode. It is recommended to drink at least two liters of water per day.
- Proper nutrition, in which it is worth restricting the use of fatty, smoked foods, as well as fast food, chocolate and coffee.
- Subcooling must be avoided.
- Prevent lumbar injury.
- Exercise moderate physical activity to prevent blood stasis.
- Empty the bladder in a timely manner.
- Time and to the end to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.
Conclusion
Parapelvical cyst is a benign formation, but prone to degeneration into a malignant form. In addition, there are a fairly large number of complications that the presence of this disease can lead to. Most often, the pathology is diagnosed in adult men and does not have pronounced symptoms, so it is important to learn to listen to your body and consult a doctor at the first symptoms. With timely diagnosis and timely treatment, the prognosis for the described pathology in most cases is positive. The most effective treatment plan is determined by the attending physician based on the results of the tests. Self-medication can lead to a worsening of the situation and the occurrence of additional diseases.