Shortness of breath is considered one of the pronounced signs of heart disease. And also a similar condition can occur with respiratory diseases and thyroid disorders.
Today, there are a huge number of medicines for shortness of breath, which help to effectively bring breathing to normal. What drugs are considered the best? Only the attending doctor can answer this question individually, but there are a number of drugs that are most often prescribed by doctors for shortness of breath.
Classification
Shortness of breath occurs in people in different ways. The first type of respiratory failure is inspiratory. A person has difficulty breathing. Difficulties provoke a decrease in the size of the part of the respiratory tract connecting the larynx with the bronchi and large bronchi. This type of shortness of breath is extremely dangerous for patients with bronchial asthma, inflammation of the pleural sheets, accumulation of air or gases in the pleural cavity. What drugs for shortness of breath in this case? Experts recommend Eufilong, Clenbuterol, Saltos, Theopec, Formoterol.
In addition, there is expiratory dyspnea. People have exhalation disorders. The source of the problem is in the small bronchi, between which the sizes of the lumens narrow. The contraction is considered to be the result of damage to the lungs or emphysema (damage to the respiratory tract, which is characterized by improper expansion of the air spaces of the distal bronchioles).
The third form is mixed. The disease is due to a malfunction in microcirculation, therefore it is called cardiac. Appears in patients who suffer from heart failure.
Heart failure therapy
When eliminating shortness of breath in heart failure, the main action is considered to be the correct diagnosis.
With improper blood circulation, stagnation occurs, which causes a lack of air. Treatment of dyspnea should be carried out simultaneously with the therapy of the underlying disease.
Symptoms of hypoxia in heart failure:
- A sharp change in blood pressure.
- Vascular "stars" on the feet, palms.
- Feeling unwell.
- Weakness.
- Overvoltage.
To eliminate the ailment, it is necessary to identify the source of the disease. They can cause shortness of breath:
- Lung diseases.
- Angina pectoris (a pathological process that is characterized by sensation or discomfort behind the sternum).
- Cardiomyoratia (the primary violation of the myocardium, which is not inflammatory, neoplastic, ischemic in origin, which are typical signs of cardiomegaly).
- Damage to the cardiac myocardium (a focus of ischemic necrosis of the heart muscle that develops as a result of acute disturbance of coronary circulation).
- Heart disease (pathology of the cardiovascular system, as a result of which violations of the valvular apparatus or its walls are observed, leading to illness).
- Inflammation in the heart and blood vessels.
After undergoing electrocardiography and a blood test, you can start therapy.
Dyspnea drugs for heart failure
Elimination of dyspnea due to abnormal functioning of the heart is carried out using the following medications:
- Beta-adrenergic agonists. These are natural as well as chemical activators, for example, Salbutamol.
- Cholinoblockers are drugs based on plant, synthetic micronutrients. It is used more often "Berodual".
- Methylxatins are drugs with a complex mechanism of action, which include theophylline and aminophylline.
- Glucocorticoids are used to eliminate severe shortness of breath.
- Medicines to thin the pathological secretion.
- Antispasmodic drugs ("Papaverine").
A method of treating diseases using oxygen also has a positive effect.
Dyspnea Relievers
Initially, it is important not to eliminate the symptoms of shortness of breath, but a combination treatment of the underlying disease is required.
The following types of drugs are prescribed:
- Glycosides (these are cardiological herbal medicines).
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (one of the main groups of drugs that are used to eliminate heart defects).
- Diuretic agents.
- Vasodilator drugs.
Glycosides are called medications that have an effect on the muscle middle layer of the heart, after which there is a reduction in heart contractions. These drugs help eliminate shortness of breath, swelling, and increase blood circulation. The most famous are tablets:
- "Digoxin".
- Korglikon.
- "Celanide."
Reagents that inhibit the angiotensin-converting enzyme can block neurohormones, as a result of which convulsions of the smooth muscles of blood vessels occur, carrying blood from the heart to the organs.
What drugs are most effective?
Medications for shortness of breath for the elderly are:
- Zofenopril.
- Zokardis.
- Ramipril.
Diuretic medicines are aimed at removing excess water from the body, which helps to reduce blood pressure and pulmonary edema, reduce the load on other organs.
To drugs of this type include the drug "Hypothiazide". Vasodilators reduce the tone of the vascular wall and thereby expand the lumen of the vessels, affect veins and blood vessels.
The following drugs are distinguished:
- "Apressin".
- "Tonorma."
Zokardis
A drug with antihypertensive effect. Zokardis is produced in the form of tablets, which are coated with a film coating. Zokardis is considered an antihypertensive agent - a reagent of the angiotensin-converting strain. The spectrum of its effects is associated with a decrease in the formation of angiotensin. A decrease in the concentration of oligopeptide hormone leads to a direct decrease in the excretion of the main biologically active substance of the adrenal cortex in humans, while the resistance to blood flow present in the vascular system of the body decreases.
What effect does Zokardis have?
With prolonged use of the drug for the treatment of dyspnea, the volume of the left ventricular myocardium and the walls of the blood vessels (located near the heart) decreases, the heart failure intensifies and the development of dilatation of the heart chambers slows down.
The antihypertensive effect after oral administration occurs after an hour, it reaches a maximum after 4-6 hours and lasts up to 24 hours. In rare situations, treatment is required for several weeks to achieve the optimal level of blood pressure. A pronounced clinical effect in heart disease is observed with prolonged therapy (from six months).
The drug reduces the process of combining platelets, increases the microcirculation of myocardial ischemia.
Feedback on “Zokardis” generally speaks of its effectiveness. In rare cases, patients report the formation of negative phenomena or the absence of pharmacological effects, which requires specialized advice. The cost of the drug varies from 250 to 450 rubles.
"Celanide"
A medication that relates to cardiotonic agents, cardiac glycosides. The drug is dispensed only by prescription. The medicine contains the main trace element - lanatoside S. "Celanide" is made in the form of a solution for injections, tablets, as well as liquid for oral administration.
Dosing regimen "Celanide"
How to take the drug for shortness of breath? The drug is intended for intravenous administration and oral use. Dosage in each individual situation is determined by a medical specialist. To achieve an instant result, the drug is administered intravenously at a dose of 0.2-0.4 milligrams, the number of procedures is once or twice a day.
Initially, the dosage of the drug for oral administration is 0.25-0.5 milligrams, or 10 to 20 drops 3-4 times a day. Maintenance therapy - 0.4-0.2 milligrams (for intravenous administration), 0.25-0. 5 milligrams or 10 to 40 drops. The maximum dosage for oral use:
- daily - 1 milligram;
- single - 0.5 milligrams for oral administration.
Maximum doses for intravenous use:
- daily allowance - 1 milligram;
- single - 0.8 milligrams.
Before taking, you need to thoroughly study the instructions for use for "Celanide", as well as the appointment of a treating doctor. The cost of the drug is only 50 rubles.
Ramipril
This substance is an angiotensin-converting strain of prolonged exposure. Ramipril is made in the form of tablets for oral use. Capsules of a milky shade, rounded cylindrical shape, with a dividing strip.
The drug lowers blood pressure. In addition, Ramipril has a cardioprotective effect, due to which the active metabolite ramiprilat is synthesized in the body.
The drug provides an increase in the renal vessels, as well as the left ventricle and eliminates the spread of pathological processes in the heart. The pronounced cardioprotective effect is explained by the influence of the active component on the formation of prostaglandins and the activation of the production of non-salt-forming nitric oxide in a single-layer layer of flat cells of mesenchymal origin.
During therapy with this medicine, the overall resistance of the entire vascular system to the blood flow released by the heart is reduced. This condition is practically not expressed in internal organs, including the surface of the skin and liver. Also, the drug increases peripheral blood circulation in these organs, increases the level of colorless protein dissolved in blood plasma and tissue sensitivity to insulin. The cost of the drug is 110 rubles.
"Digoxin"
The medication is considered to be a representative of the therapeutic group of cardiac glycosides. It is based on the leaves of a digitalis plant. The drug is used as a cardiotonic drug for the treatment of heart disease and the elimination of heart rhythm disturbances.
After taking the medication, the active trace element is completely and quickly absorbed from the intestine into the blood. When eating, the absorption rate slows down, but the bioavailability remains at the same level. The drug for the treatment of cardiac dyspnea is evenly distributed throughout all tissues, its content is somewhat higher in the myocardium. The main component of Digoxin is excreted unchanged with urine. The cost of the drug is from 40 to 70 rubles.