The drug "Ceftriaxone" (Ceftriaxone) is a truly impressive antibiotic spectrum of action, so it is prescribed for patients with an impressive number of diseases. Treatment with this drug is quite effective, which makes it a priority among doctors. Its cost, in comparison with similar antibiotics, is relatively affordable, which allows most patients to purchase it if necessary.
At the same time, like any medicine, Ceftriaxone has a number of contraindications. It should also be prescribed with caution to children and strictly monitor compliance with the recommended doses in the instructions for the drug.
pharmachologic effect
This drug belongs to the group of III generation antibiotics, which have a very wide spectrum of action. It exhibits resistance to most types of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and is also active against a number of gram-positive aerobic bacteria.
In medical practice, the drug is successfully used against the following strains having a high sensitivity to it:
- Proteus mirabilis;
- Streptococcus viridans ;
- Enterobacter;
- Shigella spp .;
- Escherichia coli;
- Haemophilus influenza;
- Streptococcus pneumonia;
- Neisseria meningitides;
- Neisseria gonorrhoeae ;
- Clostridium spp .;
- Proteus;
- Salmonella spp .;
- S.epidermidis;
- Klebsiella spp.
Indications for use
The drug can be prescribed for respiratory diseases such as:
- lung abscess;
- empyema of pleura;
- pneumonia.
Also, "Ceftriaxone" - injections, the use of which is advisable for infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, can be used in the treatment of:
- inflammatory processes in the biliary tract (empyema, cholangitis);
- peritonitis of the abdominal cavity;
- salmonellosis;
- typhoid fever.
The wide spectrum of action of this drug allows its successful use in the treatment of infectious diseases of various etiologies of occurrence, including when:
- infections of soft tissues and skin, joints and bones, infected burns and wounds;
- syphilis and mild chancre, gonorrhea;
- sepsis
- endocarditis;
- bacterial meningitis.
"Ceftriaxone": instruction (injections)
The instruction for the drug strictly regulates the dosage, which depends on the age of the patient and the existing disease:
- for children over the age of 12 years and for adults, a single daily dose of the drug is 1-2 g, or 0.5-1 g every 12 hours;
- for children under the age of 2 weeks, the maximum allowable dosage is 50 mg per day;
- if necessary, prophylaxis of infectious complications after surgery, 1-2 g of "Ceftriaxone" is administered once, 30-60 minutes before surgery;
- with gonorrhea, patients are prescribed a drug in an amount of 250 mg for a single intramuscular injection;
- with meningitis in young children, 100 mg of Ceftriaxone is used once a day.
The full course of treatment with the drug depends on the initial causative agent of the infection. On average, it is from 4 to 10 days. In severe infections, treatment with Ceftriaxone should continue for at least 2 days after all the symptoms of the disease have passed.
Release form and average cost
This medicine is in the form of a powder for injection. Most drugs are sold in various packaging, including Ceftriaxone, the price of which depends on the number of bottles in 1 package. In a cardboard box there can be 1, 2, 5 or 10 bottles of medicine of 0.5 g or 1 g. For hospitals, large packages are available for sale, in which 50 g of medicine bottles of 1 g are packaged. On average, 1 bottle of the drug today costs from 25 to 40 rubles. The price of a large package for 50 bottles varies from 950 to 1050 rubles.
By and large, Ceftriaxone, the price of which may also vary depending on the pharmacological manufacturer, is considered a relatively inexpensive drug compared to most new generation antibiotics. And this is one of its most significant advantages.
Ceftriaxone: Recipe in Latin
An attending physician in a hospital or a general practitioner at a clinic reception, when prescribing this medicine, writes a prescription for the patient to purchase and use the drug in Latin. To make it easier to understand this purpose, then we will consider its several possible options.
"Ceftriaxone", a Latin recipe which necessarily contains the name of the main active substance, is indicated as follows: Ceftriaxoni. The remaining data may vary depending on the concentration of the prescribed drug, the method of its administration (intramuscularly or intravenously), on the recommended dosage and the required amount of the drug per day. Also, the prescription may indicate why this drug must be diluted before injection (sodium chloride, lidocaine or novocaine).
For example, for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children, when it is necessary to prescribe Ceftriaxone, the Latin recipe will look like this:
Rp .: Ceftriaxoni 0.5;
Dtd No. 10;
S. In the attached solvent; V / m, 1 / day.
This means that the drug in the form of a powder, the dosage of which is 0.5 g, is diluted with a solvent (now it is often sold in packaging with Ceftriaxone bottles). The injection is carried out intramuscularly, 1 time per day. The full course of treatment in this case consists of 10 injections.
In cases where, with a wide range of diseases, Ceftriaxone is prescribed for an adult, the Latin prescription in the standard form will look like this:
Rp .: Ceftriaxoni 1.0;
Novocaini 0.5% - 3.0 ml;
D. td No. 20;
S. Dilute the contents of the vial in 3 ml. 0.5% solution of novocaine. 2 r / d, v / m.
This recipe is deciphered as follows: Ceftriaxone powder in an amount of 1 g is diluted with 0.5% novocaine (3 ml) and injected intramuscularly twice a day. The course of treatment according to this purpose consists of 20 injections.
How to prepare an injection
Antibiotics, which are stored and sold in the form of a dry powder, must be pre-dissolved before injection into the patient. Ceftriaxone also belongs to such preparations. Lidocaine and water are most often used for these purposes.
If the medicine is planned to be administered intramuscularly, in an amount of 1 g it is diluted in 3.5 ml of 1% lidocaine. If an intravenous injection is necessary, 1 g of Ceftriaxone is dissolved in 10 ml of sterile water for injection.
How to reduce pain when injecting with a drug
It should be borne in mind that most antibiotics with intramuscular administration are very painful. The drug Ceftriaxone in question was not an exception. The instruction (injections mean) to the medicine suggests that to reduce the discomfort during the injection, it is necessary to use a 1% solution of lidocaine. At a time, it is not recommended to administer more than 1 g of the drug into one buttock. To reduce discomfort during an intravenous injection, the drug is administered very slowly over a period of 2-4 minutes.
Features of prescribing the drug to children
"Ceftriaxone", the indications for use of which have a really wide enough spectrum, can often be prescribed by pediatricians for a wide range of diseases. The drug can be prescribed for babies under the age of 1 year.
"Ceftriaxone" - injections, the use and purpose of which is appropriate for the following diseases in children:
- Pneumonia and ENT diseases.
- Gastrointestinal infection, peritonitis.
- Lyme disease.
- Infectious lesions of the skin.
- Sepsis.
- Joint and bone infectious diseases.
- Meningitis.
Ceftriaxone, whose intramuscular injection for children can be very painful, is recommended to be administered intravenously.
This is largely due to the fact that small patients are not recommended to breed this medicine with Novocain and Lidocain. The first drug can cause anaphylactic shock, and the second can disrupt the functioning of the heart system and provoke convulsions. Taking into account such risks,
Ceftriaxone is administered intravenously to
children , after dissolving the powder with special water for injection.
Compatibility with other medicines
The Ceftriaxone instructions provide a list of substances with which it is incompatible:
- aminoglycosides;
- vancomycin;
- amsacrine;
- fluconazole.
A number of studies have found that bacteriostatic antibiotics reduce the effect of taking Ceftriaxone. For this reason, their sharing should be discarded. Also, you should not carry out the simultaneous administration of this antibiotic and various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as this can increase the likelihood of bleeding.
In cases where the course of treatment with Ceftriaxone is prescribed to women taking hormonal contraceptives, they are recommended to additionally use other methods of protection within a month. An antibiotic can reduce the effectiveness of birth control.
It was proved that with the simultaneous administration of such strong diuretics as furosemide, any deviations in the work of the kidneys are not observed.
Precautions and contraindications for use
Like any drug, this drug has a number of contraindications. It is recommended to abandon the use of Ceftriaxone in the presence of the following diseases and health problems:
- allergic reactions to antibiotics;
- hypersensitivity to penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems.
The drug is prescribed with extreme caution and only in cases of urgent need in the presence of problems such as:
- colitis, enteritis;
- renal failure;
- acute liver failure.
Prescribing to pregnant women and newborns
Treatment with "Ceftriaxone" is mandatory under the strict supervision of a doctor when prescribed to pregnant women, premature babies and newborns who are diagnosed with hyperbilirubinemia.
Feasible side effects
"Ceftriaxone", the indications for use of which cover a really wide range of various infectious diseases, can also cause a number of side effects when injected, negatively affecting the functioning of various body systems:
- The negative effect of the drug on the digestive system can be manifested by the patient having the following problems: diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, flatulence, vomiting, nausea, pseudo-cholelithiasis. Against the background of taking Ceftriaxone, taste disturbance, the appearance of glossitis and stomatitis are possible.
- Taking this drug may affect your urinary system. Perhaps the onset of oliguria, hematuria, increased urea, as well as glucosuria and hypercreatininemia.
- From the side of the central nervous system, disorders such as causeless dizziness and severe headaches are possible.
- Side effects from taking Ceftriaxone can affect the functioning of the hematopoietic system. Possible onset of leukopenia, basophilia, anemia, granulocytopenia, thrombocytosis, as well as leukocytosis and hemolytic anemia. Sometimes with intravenous administration of the drug, changes in prothrombin time and nosebleeds can be observed.
- With the development of an allergic reaction to the drug, it can be manifested by the onset of chills, fever, swelling. The onset of anaphylactic shock, the development of serum sickness, the appearance of pruritus, rash and hives throughout the body after taking or administering the drug may also indicate an allergy to Ceftriaxone.
To avoid possible side effects and subsequent health complications, treatment with "Ceftriaxone" should be carried out only as directed by the attending physician, observing the recommended dosages.