What common diseases belong to such a branch of medicine as gynecology? An ovarian cyst is a cavity with a thin wall and fluid inside, located on the surface of the ovary or in its thickness. This benign formation occurs, as a rule, in women of childbearing age, rarely after menopause.
An ovarian cyst, the size of which ranges from a few millimeters to 20 or more centimeters, can be of several types, but most often it is a safe and painless formation that passes on its own within two to three cycles.
Such a cyst is called functional and is formed in the natural process of the ovaries. She does not make herself felt in any way and is most often found at a professional examination.
Each woman has two ovaries. In one of them, the Count follicle is formed every month - a cavity filled with the fluid in which the egg is located. In the middle of the cycle, the follicle bursts, the germ cell enters the uterine or fallopian tube, where it is ready for fertilization.
In place of the ruptured follicle, a "yellow body" appears, in which the active production of hormones necessary for the development of a possible pregnancy begins.
It happens that the follicle does not rupture, but continues to grow, accumulating fluid. So a follicular or functional cyst appears. In rare cases, a cyst may form from the corpus luteum. The reasons why the follicle does not burst are not fully understood.
Functional cysts do not pose a threat to women's health and disappear without the intervention of doctors. 90% of all cysts are of this origin. Their size reaches five centimeters.
However, the appearance of any cyst requires close observation, as some types of cysts may indicate the development of ovarian diseases.
Dermoid cyst is a benign mass. These cysts can be very large and exceed 15 centimeters in diameter. With a small cyst, the disease goes away without symptoms. With the growth of the tumor, there is a bursting, heaviness and pain in the abdomen, disruptions in the intestines, urination become painful and frequent. Dermoid cysts can become inflamed. In this case, the temperature rises, weakness and severe pain are noted. A serious complication of the disease is the twisting of the cyst legs. Treatment of dermoid formations is carried out only surgically.
A hemorrhagic cyst is the result of a hemorrhage in a follicular cyst. At the same time, pulling aching pains in the lower abdomen are noted.
An endometrioid cyst is formed with endometriosis and is a cavity filled with blood. Pain in an ovarian cyst is noted in the lower abdomen.
Another type of benign lesions on the ovaries is cystodenoma. This tumor is large - up to 30 centimeters in diameter. No pain in this disease is observed.
A gynecological disease such as polycystic ovary is quite common. At the same time, many cysts of different sizes are formed in the ovaries. There is an increase in testosterone in the blood, a violation of menstruation, inability to conceive.
A slowly growing cyst may indicate a malignant tumor of the ovaries. As a rule, for a long time, a cyst is the only symptom of cancer. Usually cysts develop in the body of young women, so the appearance of such formations over the age of 40-45 years should alert.
Why does a cyst appear? What is the answer given by modern gynecology? Ovarian cyst appears for various reasons, which are not fully understood. Risk factors include: irregular periods, menstruation before 11 years, obesity, hormonal imbalance, infertility, some medications.
What to do when a cyst is detected? What does gynecology advise? Ovarian cyst requires close attention. When it appears, you must carefully monitor your condition. You should immediately consult a doctor if you have the following alarming symptoms: fever, severe abdominal pain, weakness, dizziness, fainting, nausea, malfunction in the menstrual cycle, painful periods, sudden weight loss, increased abdomen, digestive problems, increased hair growth on the body.
Cyst treatment What does modern gynecology offer? An ovarian cyst is treated medically or promptly. It depends on her type, size, growth rate, age and health status of the woman. Surgery usually involves a laparoscopy technique in which cysts are removed through incisions in the abdominal wall.