Allergic reactions - the topic is quite relevant, especially for parents. Indeed, every year the number of so-called "allergy sufferers" is constantly increasing. Therefore, today we will consider in detail the drug "Clarotadine". Instructions for use will begin our review of this drug. We recommend that you familiarize yourself with it before using it. You can buy Clarotadine at any pharmacy in your city and without a prescription.
When to apply
This drug can be used for allergic conjunctivitis, Quincke's edema, and urticaria (acute chronic, as well as idiopathic). The drug "Clarotadine" is also effective in the period of year-round or seasonal rhinitis; with pseudo-allergic reactions that are caused by the released histamine; reactions to bites of various insects; as well as with itchy dermatoses. The list may be supplemented.
What is produced
First, consider the drug Clarotadine Syrup. Instructions for its use will be given below. Dosage - 5 mg / 5 ml. Loratodine (active ingredient) one milligram per milliliter of syrup. Excipients: propylene glycol, sugar, benzoic acid, ethyl alcohol, citric acid, tropeolin, purified water, food flavorings.
It is released in a bottle of dark glass, the capacity of which is one hundred milliliters. This bubble is in a cardboard box. A special measuring spoon is also included.
Now consider the tablets "Clarotadine". One tablet has ten milligrams of loratodine. Of the auxiliary substances - MCC, milk sugar, calcium stearate, glycolate, sodium starch. They are placed in blister packs, each of which has seven or ten pieces. In cardboard boxes can be from one to three packaging-plates.
Pharmacodynamics
This drug refers to H1-antihistamines that do not have anticholinergic and central effects. It starts to work within half an hour after use and is valid for a day. It is important that with prolonged use of this drug does not develop resistance to it. It should be noted that the substance loratodine, as well as its metabolites, are not able to penetrate the BBB.
Pharmacokinetics
As for absorption, during oral administration at the doses recommended by the manufacturer, the main component of loratodine is quickly and fully absorbed into the circulatory system through the gastrointestinal tract. Concentrations that can already be determined appear in the composition of blood plasma fifteen minutes after ingestion. As for the time to reach Cmax in the plasma of loratodine, it ranges from one hour forty minutes to two hours thirty minutes.
But the time to reach Cmax of its active metabolite is almost three hours. It is only worth remembering that the simultaneous use of food along with the drug can slow down the achievement of Cmax of loratodine, as well as its active metabolite in plasma by one hour. At the same time, Cmax of these substances will be unchanged, and food is not able to influence the result in any way.
Now about the elderly. Clarotadine (instructions for use notes) they can be taken without any special reservation about age. Just keep in mind that the time to reach Cmax increases by an hour and a half, unlike young people. As for alcoholic liver damage, the time to reach Cmax also increases depending on the severity of the disease.
In the blood plasma, the content of loratodine with its active metabolite reaches a stationary level in most patients on the fifth day after administration. A connection with plasma proteins is 97%.
Metabolism
In the liver, the active substance loratodine is metabolized, forming the active metabolite of descarboethoxyloratadine. This is due to the action of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP3A4. The effect of the isoenzyme CYP2D6 of cytochrome P450 also has an effect, although to a lesser extent. The present kectonazole, which is an inhibitor of CYP3A4, allows loratodine to be converted into descarboethoxyloratadine. This is due to the effects of CYP2D6.
Breeding
The drug "Clarotadine" is withdrawn (the instructions for use also mention this) through the kidneys, as well as together with bile. The average T1 / 2 of the substance loratadine is eight hours and twenty minutes (the range can be from three to twenty hours). As for the active metabolite, its average value is twenty-eight hours (the range can be from six hours, forty minutes to thirty-seven hours).
The average rate of descaboethoxyloratadine is seventeen hours and thirty minutes (range from eleven to thirty-eight hours). If we are talking about liver damage by alcohol, then T1 / 2 will increase along with an increase in the severity of the disease. But in patients who have renal failure, as well as who undergo hemodialysis, the pharmacokinetics do not particularly change.
Pregnancy
Pregnant women should not take this drug, since Clarotadine in children in the womb can be harmful. If there is a need for the use of this drug by a nursing mother, then she needs to stop breastfeeding until the treatment is complete.
Contraindications
Like other drugs, Clarotadine has contraindications. Instructions for use indicate that this drug should not be used if the patient has hypersensitivity to any of the components of this drug. Pregnancy and lactation are also circumstances in which this drug is not prescribed and is not accepted. Patients who have liver failure should take Clarotadine with caution.
Side effects
Now it’s worth talking about how this drug can negatively affect the human body. Possible manifestations of a nervous system disorder, namely anxiety, asthenia, hyperkinesia, arousal in a child, drowsiness, tremor, parasthesia, depression and amnesia. Subcutaneous fat, as well as skin, can respond to dermatitis components of the drug.
If we talk about the genitourinary system, then on its part there may be a change in the color of urine, the patient may feel the urge to urinate, which will be accompanied by pain. Vaginitis, dysmenorrhea, and menorrhagia can also develop.
From the endocrine system, violations are also possible. Weight may increase, the patient will feel thirsty, and sweating may increase. The musculoskeletal system can also undergo some disturbances in its work. These are convulsions of the calf muscle, and myalgia, and arthralgia.
The digestive system can also suffer. Distortions of taste, diarrhea or constipation, anorexia, gastritis, dyspepsia, increased appetite, flatulence and stomatitis - all this with some probability can occur when using Clarotadine.
The respiratory system is also malfunctioning. Violations will manifest themselves in the form of bronchospasm, cough, sinusitis, as well as dry mucous membranes in the nose. Conjunctivitis may also develop, eyesight may be impaired, and pain in the ears and eyes may appear. The cardiovascular system is also prone to side effects, which can manifest as a rapid heartbeat, increased blood pressure, as well as its decrease.
There are frequent cases of allergic reactions, manifested in the form of angioedema, itching, urticaria and photosensitivity. Back pain, fever, dysphonia, chest pain, chills, blepharospasm, as well as pain in the mammary glands may also appear.
As you can see, side effects can be quite serious, so do not forget about it. A doctor’s consultation is required both before the first dose of the drug, and in case of detection of the above problems.
Application and dosage
Syrup and tablets "Clarotadine" from what - sorted out. Now let's talk about how to take it. These drugs are for internal use. For children over twelve years of age, as well as adults, the recommended daily dose is ten milligrams. These are two measured spoons of liquid syrup or one tablet. But for children from two to twelve years old, whose body weight is less than thirty kilograms, it is recommended to take five milligrams. This is one scoop or half a tablet. The daily dose should not exceed this indicator. If the mass is more than thirty kilograms, then the dosage will be the same as for adults.
Overdose
If you do not follow the recommendations and take the drug in large quantities, symptoms may occur in adults, which will now be listed. These are tachycardia, headaches and drowsiness. And in children whose body weight is less than thirty kilograms, an overdose may cause a rapid heartbeat, as well as extrapyramidal symptoms.
If the patient is allowed to overdose, you should immediately consult a doctor. It is also necessary to take measures so that the drug is removed from the gastrointestinal tract and absorption is reduced. This is done by inducing vomiting, gastric lavage, and the use of activated charcoal. If necessary, symptomatic therapy may be given. It should be remembered that the active substance loratadine cannot be removed from the body by hemodialysis. Also, there is no data on the excretion of this element during peritoneal dialysis.
Interaction with other drugs
If you apply "Clarotadine" in a therapeutic dose, potentiating action with alcoholic beverages was not found. And when using this medicine with antibiotics such as Cimetidine, Erythromycin and Ketoconazole, the concentration of loratodine in the blood plasma will increase. This phenomenon does not manifest itself clinically, and also does not have any effect on the electrocardiogram.
There is evidence that microsomal oxidation inducers , which include ethanol, phenytoin, barbiturates, rifampicin, zixorin, tricyclic antidepressants, phenylbutazone, can reduce the effectiveness of this drug.
special instructions
For patients who have impaired hepatic function, as well as those who have renal failure (glomerular filtration has a rate of less than thirty ml / min), the recommended initial dose of Clarotadine should not exceed ten milligrams (this is one tablet or two scoops of syrup) in two of the day. You can also not give this drug to children whose age is less than two years.
Everyone who started taking this medicine should refuse the entire treatment period from practicing any types of potentially dangerous activities that require an increased concentration of attention, as well as the speed of psychomotor reactions.
Analogs
It is fair to say that the Clarotadine drug is not the only one of its kind. There are analogues among both domestic and imported drugs. A fairly common foreign "brother" is the drug "Claritin". Its properties are almost the same as that of the above drug “Clarotadine”. Price is the main difference. Overseas drug is much more expensive. Domestic has a price depending on the configuration. So, the packaging is 7 pcs. will cost about 100 rubles., blister packs 10 x 3 - about 270 rubles., and 100 ml syrup - about 135 rubles.
We will not discuss here on the topic of which is better to use - “Clarotadine” or “Claritin”. This is a personal matter for everyone, and you must decide for yourself whether to buy a cheap domestic drug, or give preference to a more expensive foreign one. But it is worth noting that over the years, the drug "Clarotadine" has proven itself very well. Analogs at the same time appear every day.
In any case, before you start taking these drugs and even more so prescribing them to children, be sure to consult your doctor. This will protect you from possible negative consequences that may occur as a result of intolerance to the medicine, improper use or overdose. It should always be remembered that such consequences can pose a significant threat to your health, the health of your children, as well as your lives.