The sinuses are located near the upper jaw and in their shape resemble a pyramid with several faces. They have a connection with the nasal passages, through which air is exchanged and outflow of secretions accumulated in the sinus. As soon as an infectious agent penetrates into the sinus cavity, in most cases this leads to the development of sinusitis. True, everything happens in a child’s body a little differently, since bacteria can enter from any source of inflammation in the body. There are many treatment methods, but the most effective is sinusitis in the sinuses.
Causes
Sinusitis will actively develop in the presence of a problem when natural ventilation was impaired. This happens in situations like this:
- The presence of polyps inside the nose.
- Getting a facial injury, as a result of which the nasal septum is bent.
- Adenoiditis in a chronic form.
- Exacerbation of allergic rhinitis and hay fever (most often with improper treatment).
- Too frequent use of "Nazivin" and other drugs that have a vasoconstrictor effect.
This disease can be triggered by damage to the surface of the maxillary sinus wall. In most cases, it is associated with a violation of the development of teeth in the upper jaw and after the dentist's manipulations, performed not very high quality. In this case, the sinusitis of the odontogenic type always begins.
Symptoms
The main symptom of the disease is a feeling of pressure, constant discomfort in the affected area. Unpleasant sensations and pain intensify in the evening, but in the morning they are practically not observed.
The most common symptoms are:
- Pain. It can be localized in the forehead, temples, cheekbones. The occurrence of pain means that in the sinuses there is inflammation, pus accumulates.
- Difficulty breathing. Due to suppuration of the sinuses, it becomes difficult to breathe. Nasal congestion does not pass until the patient recovers completely.
- Runny nose. With the progression of sinusitis, a course of purulent, greenish discharge from the nose can be observed.
- Voice changes. He becomes hoarse, nasal. The fact is that nasal congestion causes the patient to give higher loads to the ligaments. This is what causes the voice to change.
- Toothache. Often, patients suffer from pain in the upper jaw, which is associated with the accumulation of pus in the sinuses.
- General weakness, malaise, loss of appetite.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are a conservative and quite effective method of drug treatment of sinusitis. But, like with any treatment technique that includes strong drugs, it is not without flaws. Without having drunk the course completely or too prolonging the treatment, the patient runs the risk of complications of varying degrees of complexity. In general, statistics indicate the achievement of a positive effect after two days - it becomes easier for patients to breathe, the headache subsides. The group includes drugs: "Acyclovir", "Anaferon", "Amoxiclav" and others.
Vasoconstrictor
These funds relieve swelling and restore drainage of the sinuses. Typically, drugs in this group are presented in the form of sprays, drops and ointments. A well-known example of the drug: drops "Nazivin" in children and adults.
Homeopathy
The line of homeopathic remedies is also a success. A vivid example is the Cinnabsin preparation. Medicines of this category are aimed at connecting the internal forces of the body to combat the disease.
Immunomodulators
In some cases, doctors turn to immunomodulators. For example, Sinupret is often prescribed, which corrects the functioning of the immune system. Thus, the medicine also affects sinusitis.
Drug treatment is usually accompanied by other methods for effectiveness. Physiotherapeutic procedures and warming are traditionally used. In some cases, a laser is used.
Alternative treatment
It should be noted that the treatment of such a complex disease as sinusitis should be necessarily comprehensive. This means that some folk remedies to completely eliminate this disease will not work. It should also be noted that any folk remedies can be used only with a sluggish form of the disease, but in this case, it is imperative to obtain preliminary consultation from the appropriate specialist.
Silver water
It has long been known that silver has powerful healing properties. This unique metal copes with various infections and eliminates inflammatory processes. Silver can be used to prepare medicinal silver water, which is perfect for the treatment of sinusitis. Water infused with silver can be used for regular rinsing of the nasopharynx, as well as for washing the sinuses from purulent secretions.
Sea salt
For the preparation of a medicinal product, you need to use sea salt finely ground without any additives. Moreover, this component can not be used in large quantities, as it can cause severe burns to the nasal mucosa. To prepare a saline solution you will need a full glass of drinking water of warm water, as well as sea salt (a teaspoon). Concentrated saline should not be prepared, as it can cause a burn, as mentioned above. In addition, the salt must be completely dissolved in water, otherwise salt grains will scratch the mucous membrane, and this will further aggravate the situation.
Rinse thoroughly with nose. Water cannot be drawn in; it must flow freely from the other nostril. Sea salt has excellent disinfecting and anti-inflammatory properties, it perfectly dissolves mucus and pus. After several such procedures, the patient will feel a significant improvement, he will lose the feeling of heaviness in the area of accumulation of pus.
Operation
Sinusitis, as noted above, is manifested by nasal congestion, systematic headaches, as well as an increase in body temperature and nasal congestion in the voice. The reason for this condition is the accumulation of mucus and pus in the maxillary sinuses. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to cope with the disease with the help of medications. In such situations, it is necessary to produce a sinusotomy, which consists in the reorganization of the focus of inflammation and the release of the sinus cavity from the damaged tissue.
The main indication for the operation to remove sinusitis is considered a purulent form of the disease in a relapsing stage. The operation is prescribed after a full examination and if there is evidence. The choice of method of surgical intervention is selected individually in each individual case. The advantage of the method is that with its help it is possible to cure completely chronic sinusitis by surgery on the sinuses of the nose.
Puncture
This intervention is performed on an outpatient basis and is classified as an emergency measure. The essence of this operation in the nose with sinusitis is that a puncture is performed in the bone septum and a tubular device is inserted into the nasal entrance, to which the syringe is attached. With it, a washing solution is introduced into the sinus. A total of about 4 washes. As soon as the solution becomes clear, all manipulations are completed. This operation is performed using local anesthesia. The advantage of this treatment is that the hole heals quickly and painlessly. Contraindications to its implementation are diabetes mellitus, childhood, high blood pressure and congenital abnormalities of the nasal cavity.
Endoscopy
Endoscopic operation of sinusitis (chronic or acute) - refers to less traumatic manipulations. They are characterized by a quick recovery period and a minimal likelihood of developing complications. This surgery is performed through the nose under the influence of general or local anesthesia. Its essence lies in the fact that a special optical device is introduced through a small puncture, which allows you to control the entire process. A surgical instrument is introduced with it, with the help of which all formations that contributed to the development of inflammation are aspirated. The duration of such an intervention is no more than forty minutes. After this, the patient can go home or stay for several days in a hospital, which depends on his general condition. After such an operation, the patient must visit the surgeon at least once a week.
Traditional method
The traditional operation for the treatment of sinusitis is selected only if the disease develops with complications or there is no possibility of using new technologies. The essence of this intervention is that the passage to the sinus opens first (this is done through the cheek or mouth). Then access is opened to the anterior bone wall of the sinus and is cleaned, as well as the removal of polyps and cystic formations. The final step in this operation is tamponing of the sinus and withdrawal of the tampon into the nasal passage. As a restorative therapy, drops with a vasoconstrictor and decongestant effect are prescribed to the patient. Such surgery lasts for an hour, after which the patient needs to be in the hospital for about fourteen days. This method has a huge number of drawbacks and, perhaps, one advantage is that it is performed for free.
Laser therapy
This method of removing the disease is considered one of the most effective and painless. When it is performed, the patient does not need hospitalization, and the treatment procedure is carried out for several weeks. It includes about ten procedures, their number is determined in each case individually. The essence of the method is to wash the nasal cavity, so purulent accumulations are removed. After washing with a laser, they pass along the walls of the sinuses, compacting them and removing the remnants of purulent secretions. This procedure is not only bloodless and painless, but also completely safe. Regardless of which method of surgical intervention is chosen, after the operation, the patient must exclude hypothermia, refuse to visit the pool and ice cream, and in cool weather, it is necessary to wear a hat.
With odontogenic sinusitis, this type of operation is the most common.
The consequences of sinusitis
This disease is a purulent process that rapidly spreads and destroys the structure of tissues. In the advanced stage, sinusitis leads to the spread of the inflammatory process to neighboring organs and tissues, as well as the formation of purulent sequestration, damage to the eye sockets and the brain.
With a constant circulation of infection in the body, complications such as inflammatory processes in the bronchi, tonsils, trachea and pharynx begin to develop. In addition, a person begins to systematically get sick with viral diseases, fungal ailments and inflammatory processes are rapidly progressing. As for the acute form of sinusitis, in combination with a weak immunity, the consequences can be completely unpredictable, as well as fatal.
Chronic sinusitis most often causes the development of the following diseases:
- Damage to the kidneys.
- The development of pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis.
- Infectious myocardium.
- Heart valve insufficiency.
- Bronchitis.
- Pneumonia.
- Otitis.
- Meningitis.
In order to prevent the development of unpleasant and dangerous consequences, you should follow all the instructions of the attending physician and, even with slight signs of exacerbation, immediately contact a medical institution.