Thrombophlebitis is a serious disease, manifested by inflammation of the vein wall and the subsequent formation of a thrombus, which closes its lumen. Its development provokes a whole range of reasons. And about why it appears and whether it is possible to cure it, now it will be discussed.
Causes
Before you talk about how to treat thrombophlebitis, you need to discuss the prerequisites for its development. Under certain conditions, the disease can develop in the veins of any location. However, most often it affects the vessels of the lower extremities.
Superficial, varicose veins are affected. In approximately 10% of cases, the process also affects the deep veins.
A number of factors affect the development of the disease - altered blood composition, increased coagulability, slowed blood flow, as well as damage to the venous wall of any nature (neurotrophic and endocrine disorders, diseases, injuries, etc.).
The following conditions increase the likelihood of thrombophlebitis:
- Blood diseases.
- Postthrombophlebitis disease.
- Protracted catheterization of the veins.
- Injuries.
- Local purulent processes.
- Common infectious diseases.
- Oncological diseases.
- Phlebeurysm.
- Medical abortions and conditions after surgery.
- The postpartum period.
Sometimes the beginning of the development of the disease can be laid by an acquired or hereditary tendency of blood to form blood clots, or a decreased reactivity of the body.
Symptoms
Another topic that should be noted with attention before discussing how to treat thrombophlebitis. As a rule, the manifestations of the disease are localized in the lower third of the thighs and the upper - lower legs. In almost 95% of cases, the disease affects the trunk of a large saphenous vein, as well as its tributaries.
A person is disturbed by acute drawing pain along the affected vein, which becomes more intense when walking. Often the temperature rises - it can reach 37.5-38 ° C. There is also hyperemia of the skin at the site of the lesion.
If you feel the thrombosed vein, then you can detect a local temperature increase, as well as a condensed painful cord.
It should be noted that acute thrombophlebitis of superficial veins often develops in two directions. With a favorable course of pathology, the symptoms gradually disappear. It takes 10 days to 3 months to recover, sometimes more. In many patients, the lumen of the vein is restored, but in some, obliteration of the damaged vessel occurs.
The most unfavorable outcome of the disease is deep vein damage, or proximal spread of the disease. This condition is accompanied by valvular insufficiency and phlebothrombosis. And this is a serious threat to the life of the patient. There is a risk of even thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. What is fraught with chronic venous insufficiency.
Ointments
Now you can talk about how to treat thrombophlebitis. In general, the doctor always prescribes therapy. Only he, based on the results of diagnosis and examination, can prescribe drugs that will definitely bring benefit to the patient.
But there are a number of tools that are most popular. If we talk about ointments, then this:
- Troxevasin. This tool reduces pores located between endothelial cells, has an anti-inflammatory effect, and also inhibits red blood cell aggregation. Its regular use eliminates puffiness, pain, trophic disorders and convulsions. In short, Troxevasin exerts five actions - venotonic, decongestant, angioprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
- Lyoton 1000 Answering the question about how to treat thrombophlebitis, you need to talk about this effective gel. It is used in the treatment of arterial and venous thrombosis. This gel has an active effect on blood coagulation, and also destroys fibrin, which are the basis of blood clots. Thus, the product prevents the formation of hematomas and blood clots. Also, the ointment reduces the vulnerability of blood vessels and prevents the formation of edema of soft tissues, improving its metabolism.
- "Venen gel." This is a herbal remedy, which contains horse chestnut and calendula extract. The drug reduces capillary permeability, has a venotonic, anti-inflammatory and decongestant effect.
These are the three most well-known topical agents that quickly penetrate the skin, so the effect of their use comes quickly. Therefore, if you want to know how to treat thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, you should consider one ointment listed as an option. The main thing is to use one drug. Combining them, you can provoke an allergy, or even completely reduce the therapy to "no."
Injections
Talking about how to treat thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, it should be noted that therapy can not do without injections into the muscles and veins. As a rule, doctors prescribe such substances for administration:
- Streptokinase This medicine is injected into a vein through a dropper. Treatment is carried out exclusively in stationary conditions under the supervision of medical specialists.
- Heparin. This product is diluted with saline. Introducing it either intravenously or intramuscularly. It quickly dilutes the blood, reducing its coagulability. To increase fibrinolytic activity, a minimal dose is enough. By the way, taking heparin, you can prevent the development of atherosclerosis.
- Exanta. This tool is considered a new pharmaceutical invention, which focuses on the treatment of thrombosis. It is a powerful alpha-thrombin inhibitor that, quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, prevents blood clots.
A doctor who treats thrombophlebitis may also prescribe antibiotics. This is necessary if there is a suspicion of an infectious infection. They are taken in short courses, since prolonged use may be fraught with thickening of the blood.
Injections of analgesics can also be indicated, designed to stop a strong pain syndrome. The course of treatment is also a maximum of three days. Then the patient is transferred to weaker non-steroidal drugs.
Anticoagulants
When discussing how to treat deep vein thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities, it should be mentioned that drugs of this series are usually prescribed to restore normal blood flow, prevent re-thrombosis, and also to dissolve clots in blood vessels.
Here are the most famous medications with anticoagulant effect:
- "Warfarin Nycomed." Indirect anticoagulant that reduces excessive blood viscosity. It blocks the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors. The effect manifests itself after 36-72 hours from the start of the drug. The activity of the marked elements is restored on 4-5 days after the withdrawal of the medication.
- Xarelto. The tool is characterized by high bioavailability. You should remember its name if you want to know how to treat deep vein thrombophlebitis, because it is for these purposes that it is used. Xarelto also prevents embolism of veins and arteries after surgery.
- Pradaxa. Direct thrombin inhibitor. In the gastrointestinal tract, it is absorbed rapidly, subsequently turns into dabigatran - the main active substance in blood plasma. This drug inhibits the activity of thrombin, and also prevents the clotting of blood clots, dissolves clots, relieves swelling and stops the inflammatory process.
The doctor treating thrombophlebitis individually prescribes the dosage of a drug. Anticoagulants can only be obtained by prescription.
Anti-inflammatory
You can not do without taking these funds. Talking about how to treat thrombophlebitis on the legs, you need to list the most common and well-known anti-inflammatory drugs, which include:
- "Thrombo Ass." A medicine based on acetylsalicylic acid. Not only reduces the activity of inflammation, but also eliminates pain. The mechanism of its action is based on the irreversible inactivation of the COX-1 enzyme. The effect is maintained for one week after taking the drug.
- Ibuprofen. Since it is about how to treat vein thrombophlebitis, you need to remember about this well-known anti-inflammatory drug. “Ibuprofen”, in addition to this action, has an analgesic and antipyretic effect.
- Diclofenac. The basis of this drug is a phenylacetic acid derivative. The product has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. If applied topically, it also eliminates pain and swelling.
- Cardiomagnyl. This antiplatelet agent has a venoprotective and anti-inflammatory effect. Also, its use helps to normalize cardiovascular activity.
Phlebotonics
Much has been said above about how to treat thrombophlebitis in the legs of women and men. But it is also worth mentioning about phlebotonizing medicines. They have a complex effect on the whole body, strengthening blood vessels, increasing their elasticity, improving blood microcirculation and outflow of lymphatic fluid. Using phlebotonics, you can eliminate the inflammatory process in the veins and increase vascular tone.
The following drugs are popular:
- Detralex It minimizes the extensibility of veins, eliminates stagnation of blood, reduces the permeability of capillaries, and also increases their resistance.
- Troxevasin. Earlier it was mentioned about ointment, now it is worth talking about tablets. The drug in capsules perfectly eliminates the symptoms of hemorrhoids and varicose veins, prevents the appearance of edema, blood and lymphatic stasis, as well as sprains of the vascular wall.
- "Flebodia 600". This is a bioflavonoid with a venotonic effect, which helps to improve microcirculation, oxygen diffusion and lymphatic drainage, as well as reduce the adhesion of leukocytes to the venous wall with further migration to the paravenous tissues. Still "Flebodia 600" has an anti-inflammatory effect and blocks the synthesis of thromboxane and prostaglandins, as well as the production of free radicals.
As an alternative, you can consider the preparations "Vazoket", "Venolek" and "Venarus" - their use helps to strengthen the walls of the veins, normalize the outflow of blood, increase the lumen of blood vessels and reduce stagnant processes.
Ulcer treatment
Trophic ulcers are an unpleasant complication of an advanced disease. It is difficult and long to eliminate such defects, since they appear as a result of prolonged venous stagnation and serious lymphatic system disorders. If you do not catch on, then these neoplasms will continue to progress, and as a result will be complicated by the addition of a secondary infection. This is fraught with erysipelas.
How to treat ulcers with thrombophlebitis? Only a doctor can answer this question, since therapy is carried out exclusively in stationary conditions, after the diagnosis. The complex includes the following events:
- Elastic compression A special knitwear is applied to the affected areas, which normalizes the outflow of lymph and blood from the limb and pushes the interstitial fluid.
- Taking medication. Local application of such agents as Hepatrombin, Proteox, Venorutin, etc. is recommended. Injections are also prescribed - Actovegin, for example.
- Ozone Therapy Exposure to this tool helps to destroy microbes, cleanse the ulcer, and also accelerate healing.
- Physiotherapy and lymphatic drainage massage.
- Compliance with the diet.
The last resort is surgery. First, the surgeon excises the affected vein, and then removes the ulcer.
Folk remedies
A couple of words should be said about how to treat thrombophlebitis at home. But first you need to make a reservation that you need to do this only after consulting a doctor. The disease is serious, and self-activity can lead to terrifying consequences. Which doctor treats thrombophlebitis of the lower extremities? Phlebologist. To him and must be addressed.
Here are some folk remedies that a specialist can approve:
- Kalanchoe tincture, designed to rub the affected areas. It is prepared elementarily: it is necessary 2 tbsp. l grind the plants well, then pour one glass of vodka and instruct 10 days.
- Healing baths with essential oils of myrtle, peppermint and geranium. For 5 liters of hot water should take 15 drops of these funds.
- Compresses from tincture of acacia. For its manufacture, you need to pour 2 tbsp. l raw materials with one glass of boiling water and let it brew for 2 hours.
- Mummy ointment. To cook it, you need to dissolve the mummy in petroleum jelly or peach oil. The ratio should be 1: 5.
- Aromatherapy Everything is simple: in a venous cream you need to add 1-2 drops of tea tree, myrtle and cypress oils, and then gently rub the resulting mass into the skin of the legs. Then lie down for about 30 minutes with raised legs.
Talking about how to treat thrombophlebitis with folk remedies, you need to tell about healing dressings. They help eliminate vascular inflammation and prevent the development of tissue necrosis. And they are done in an elementary way - you just need to thoroughly soak a clean tissue in a healing composition, and apply to the affected area. The following components work perfectly:
- Grated carrots.
- Shredded celery leaves to be mixed with any oil.
- Sea buckthorn oil.
- Ointment made from dried broth, with butter and natural honey (4: 1 ratio).
- Shredded cabbage leaves mixed with egg white.
And since it is about how to treat thrombophlebitis at home, it is necessary to talk about a remedy that helps with ulcers. It is done simply: burdock roots (50 g) must be poured with sunflower oil (100 ml), let it brew for a day, and then boil for 15 minutes over low heat. Then strain and use.
Diet
So, which doctor treats thrombophlebitis, clearly. He is a phlebologist, and he draws up a detailed treatment regimen for each of his patients. But, besides this, the specialist must prescribe a special diet, compliance with which is the most important factor when it comes to recovery.
The goal of proper nutrition is to improve metabolism and blood circulation, reduce blood viscosity, improve its trophic properties, strengthen venous walls, reduce blood vessels, normalize stool, and minimize swelling.
Have to abandon the following products:
- All spicy, smoked and fried.
- Any foods with animal fats.
- Sausages, meat broths.
- Mayonnaise, cream.
- Lentils.
- Chokeberry.
- Mangoes and bananas.
- Rosehip.
All of these products increase blood viscosity. And products containing cholesterol also contribute to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques with their further deposition on the vascular walls.
Still have to abandon the products enriched with vitamin K, because it leads to thrombosis. In the highest concentration it is found in the following products:
- Kale.
- Seaweed.
- Watercress.
- Spinach.
- Broccoli.
- Pork or beef liver.
- Celery.
- Beans
- Cauliflower.
It is useless to be interested in the question of how to treat thrombophlebitis at home if proper nutrition is ignored. Diet is important, and the first thing you need to include in your diet is products with flavonoids (quercetin, silymarin, resveratrol, isoramnetin, rutin, etc.), as well as antioxidants (beta-carotene, vitamins E and C). Their consumption will prevent damage to the endothelium of the veins and increase the impermeability of their walls.
Most useful is large-leafed green tea, citrus fruits, freshly squeezed juice, red grape leaves, vegetables and berries. Lemon-honey mixture with the addition of chopped garlic and onions (proportions in grams: 50 x 100 x 100 x 200) will benefit. It is rich in vitamins P, E and A, which should be consumed by patients with thrombophlebitis.
The following products are also included in the list of permitted products:
- Low-fat, skinless rabbit, turkey and chicken meat.
- Lean beef and its liver.
- Fatty fish (red and white). These are herring, sturgeon, mackerel, horse mackerel, sardines, salmon.
- Some permitted seafood are oysters, mussels and crabs.
- Products with unsaturated fatty acids. These are sunflower, cottonseed and olive oils, as well as cauliflower, nuts and flaxseeds.
- Cereals and dairy products.
- Zucchini, bell pepper, cooked “in their uniforms” potatoes, carrots, beans, garden greens.
- Apples, strawberries, apricots, cherries.
- Dried fruits, whole grain bread.
- Bay leaves, cinnamon, capsicum, ginger.
It is recommended to drink non-carbonated mineral water, herbal teas, freshly prepared juices from fruits and vegetables (grape fruit is especially useful), compotes, jelly and fruit drinks.