A group of diseases that occurs in humans under the influence of chemical and physical factors on the surface of the skin is called "dermatitis" in medicine. Types of dermatitis are completely dependent on the cause of the pathology. And there are a lot of them. Irritation can cause the sun, electric shock, diaper rash, abrasions, frostbite, burns and much more. As a result, characteristic redness and rash form on the skin.
Short description
Dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin after exposure to external or internal irritants. Pathology is manifested by itching, redness, dryness of the epidermis. In addition, the patient may have acne, swelling, water corns, and expressions and suppuration may form.
Depending on the symptoms, several forms of a disease such as dermatitis are distinguished. Types of dermatitis, if we consider the course of pathology, are as follows:
- Sharp . The disease is manifested by swelling of the tissues, redness, purulent process.
- Moderate . On the skin, peeling and cracks are observed.
- Chronic The disease is characterized by a prolonged course of pathology. In certain areas, lesions are localized.
All dermatitis, regardless of the factors that provoked them, have common features:
- The lesion focus and its shape are clearly limited only by the area affected.
- After eliminating the irritating factor, unpleasant symptoms disappear very quickly.
Causes of dermatitis
Pathology can trigger a variety of factors. In most cases, the following causes cause dermatitis:
- Impaired functioning of the sebaceous glands. Pathology becomes pronounced against the background of diabetes or allergies.
- Contact with aggressive media or substances. In this case, inflammation of the skin occurs. Such a pathology can be observed in people who, as a result of professional activity, have to come into contact with these substances. In this case, we are talking about occupational dermatitis.
- Detergents, cosmetics. Often, the source of allergic dermatitis is low-quality perfumes, washing powders, and hygiene products.
- Weather. Very often, skin inflammation occurs in windy frosty weather. People with dry skin are most prone to such dermatitis.
- Frequent experiences, nervous stress.
- Food. Food can be an annoying factor and become a source of allergic dermatitis.
- Medications Medications can provoke the occurrence of side effects. Often they are manifested by a rash, redness on the surface of the skin. And this is dermatitis.
Types of Dermatitis
Doctors are faced with a large number of varieties of pathology. A common classification used by doctors is based on identifying the cause of the dermatitis.
Types of dermatitis, according to her, are as follows:
- contact;
- allergic;
- atopic;
- seborrheic;
- film.
These are the most common pathologies.
Contact dermatitis
This pathology occurs as a result of inflammatory lesions of the epidermis. It is characterized by the formation of a rash on the surface of the skin.
What is the source of contact dermatitis is clear from the name of the pathology. Very often provoke the disease:
- Synthetic products. It can be clothes, cosmetics, detergents.
- Metals Contact dermatitis often causes nickel.
- Medicines Certain hormonal drugs and antibiotics are most active.
- Natural materials. Pathology can provoke: wool, rubber, latex.
A fairly characteristic symptomatology is contact dermatitis:
- itchy skin;
- pain while touching;
- burning sensation;
- fever;
- the formation of a rash in the area of contact with the stimulus;
- formation of a dry crust on the affected area;
- after wound healing, peeling and increased dryness of the epidermis are observed.
Allergic dermatitis
The name of the pathology clearly describes the source that provokes the disease. This dermatitis is caused by an allergen. As a rule, on the surface of the skin it manifests itself:
- red itchy spots;
- blisters.
Allergic dermatitis in adults develops as a result of prolonged exposure to the skin of any irritant. Such manifestations are the body's immune response. They can occur both after a few days, and after a couple of months.
If untreated, such dermatitis is very easily able to take a chronic form. In this case, we are talking about eczema.
Atopic dermatitis
This is a non-infectious inflammation of the skin surface, which is based on allergies. A patient suffering from this pathology, as a rule, knows about it from childhood. And at the same time he clearly understands which allergens provoked the disease.
Before treating dermatitis, it is necessary to exclude contact with the irritant. This is the most important condition without which any therapy with this pathology will be ineffective.
Atopic dermatitis is often a hereditary disease. The trigger mechanism for the occurrence of symptoms can be:
- patient contact with the allergen;
- eating certain foods;
- nervous stress.
Seborrheic dermatitis
Inflammatory skin disease is provoked by an increased amount and deterioration of sebum quality. The most susceptible to this pathology are people suffering from liquid or thick seborrhea. This is one of the most unpleasant and difficult to treat dermatitis. According to statistics, it is often found in infants, adolescents, as well as in persons 20-50 years old.
The disease often affects the areas of the head and body where the functioning of the sebaceous glands is most developed:
- the border of the scalp;
- cheeks, forehead;
- armpits;
- cervical region;
- nasolabial triangle;
- behind the ear, inguinal folds;
- chest, back.
Dermatitis of the scalp in the initial or mild degree is manifested by dandruff. The development of pathology is provoked by one of the types of yeast fungi. Such microorganisms live on the surface of the skin in almost all people. While the body is functioning properly, they do not cause discomfort. But as a result of a fall in protective forces or impaired metabolism, the activity of such mushrooms is no longer subject to control. As a result, microorganisms begin to multiply, and peeling forms on the skin. This is the first symptom of seborrheic dermatitis.
Most often, the following factors provoke the onset of the disease:
- seborrhea;
- hormonal disbalance;
- obesity;
- alcoholism;
- environmental impact;
- pathology of the nervous system;
- stress
- epilepsy.
How to treat dermatitis?
Obviously, therapy of any type of pathology should begin with the elimination of the irritant. Therefore, the first stage of treatment is the determination of the allergen that provoked this pathology. For this, doctors conduct a series of tests to identify an allergen.
Treatment of dermatitis in adults depends on the nature of the rash and the severity of the process:
- If bubbles, erosive elements are localized on the surface, it is recommended to apply dressings with a solution of boric acid (3%) or decoctions of herbs. Gauze napkins soaked in the prepared liquid must be applied to the damaged skin area for about 15 minutes. This procedure lasts approximately 1.5 hours. After a three-hour break, the event is repeated.
- With severe and unbearable itching, the doctor will prescribe the use of antihistamines or tranquilizers. Usually, medications are included in the treatment of dermatitis in adults: Suprastin, Ferkarol, Loratadin, Tsetirizin, Tavegil, Astemizol. It is not recommended to take them on your own, as drugs become very addictive.
- If pathologies are triggered by stress, the doctor will prescribe sedatives. Sometimes the choice dwells on tranquilizers. The medication will have a favorable effect: Relanium, Sibazon, Nozepam, tincture of motherwort, valerian.
- In the case of a combination of pathology with a secondary infection, antibiotics will be prescribed. Broad-spectrum drugs, such as Vibramycin, Erythromycin, are preferred.
With seborrheic dermatitis, antifungal and antimicrobial drugs are included in the therapy.
Effective ointments
Significant relief will bring the cream from dermatitis. However, such a tool should be used exclusively as directed by a doctor. Since the choice of drugs depends on the form of dermatitis, the source that provoked the pathology, and takes into account concomitant diseases.
Non-hormonal medications:
- Eplan.
- Bepanten.
- Panthenol.
- Pantoderm.
- Skin Cap.
- "Exoderyl."
- "Radevit."
- "Gistan."
- "Elidel."
- "Protopic".
- Fenistil.
- "Losterin."
- "Timogen."
- Naftaderm.
- "We see."
- "Solcoseryl."
- Desitin.
- Aisida.
- "Tsinokap".
Hormonal ointments can be prescribed only by a doctor. The need for these drugs arises only if the applied dermatitis cream did not provide the desired effect.
Patients may be prescribed ointments:
- "Celestoderm."
- Advantan.
- "Flucinar."
- Fucicort.
- Akriderm.
Diet food
Dermatitis is a skin ailment. Regardless of the source that provoked the pathology, nutrition has a huge impact. That is why you should definitely review your menu.
Diet for dermatitis involves the exclusion of all products that can cause allergic reactions. Seafood, chicken, eggs, fruits, red or orange vegetables, and milk are prohibited. Do not eat honey, nuts, chocolate.
Food should be based on: cereals cooked on water, cabbage, potatoes, turkey meat, boiled beef, rabbit meat, green apples, plums, pears.
Nutrition for atopic and allergic dermatitis
For these pathologies, one diet is provided. Since both diseases are provoked by allergens, the following should be excluded:
- citrus;
- persimmons, pineapples, peaches, red apples;
- caviar, red fish;
- strawberries, raspberries, currants, sea buckthorn, strawberries;
- honey, nuts;
- dairy products;
- chicken eggs;
- products containing preservatives, dyes;
- mushrooms;
- carrots, tomatoes, beets;
- coffee, cocoa;
- wheat, rye;
- soy products;
- spicy, fried, salty, smoked food;
- sweet drinks;
- strong tea;
- chocolate;
- canned food;
- sweets;
- alcohol.
The diet should consist of:
- lean pork, beef, boiled offal, turkey;
- oat, rice, pearl barley porridge;
- natural dairy products;
- sunflower, olive oils;
- squash, zucchini, turnips;
- currants, gooseberries, white cherries;
- apples (not red), watermelons, plums, pears.
Nutrition for seborrheic dermatitis
With this disease, the diet is significantly different from that described above. After all, the yeast fungus is the source of the pathology.
A patient asking how to treat dermatitis should understand that without proper nutrition, the therapy prescribed by the doctor will be unsuccessful.
With this pathology, it is forbidden to use:
- fast carbohydrates (sugar, sweets, pastries, bakery and confectionery);
- semolina, sweet drinks, honey, jam;
- pasta;
- potatoes;
- spicy, salty, smoked, fried, pickled food;
- spice;
- alcohol;
- fatty foods;
- citrus;
- caviar;
- nuts
- orange and red vegetables, fruits;
- chicken meat, eggs;
- mushrooms.
Recommended for use:
- still carbonated pure water, unsweetened natural fruit drinks, juices, weak tea;
- low-fat fish;
- dietary meat;
- pumpkin (not possessing bright pulp);
- broccoli, cabbage, asparagus;
- zucchini, squash;
- sea kale;
- milk (only for making cereals);
- unsweetened fruits ;
- dairy products;
- vegetable oil.
Conclusion
The success of therapy depends on the correct diagnosis (which is extremely difficult to do without a doctor) and compliance with all doctor's prescriptions. Health to you!