Modern medicine has many methods for treating gynecological health problems in women. One of them is laparoscopy, which also allows you to quickly diagnose certain diseases. It is both a surgical method and a minimally invasive one, which is determined by minimal intervention in the body using endoscopic instruments.
Laparoscopy
This term is defined as a new method of surgery using small incisions or openings of up to one and a half centimeters for surgery on internal organs. The instrument by which such actions are performed is called a laparoscope. It is a telescopic tube with lenses and a video camera attached to it. Laparoscopes in the modern world have digital matrices that allow you to display high definition images.
An optical cable equipped with cold light also leads to the handset. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the abdominal cavity to form the operative space, that is, the stomach is inflated, the abdominal wall rises above the internal organs. The surgical range of laparoscopy is very large and diverse. But such operations have some consequences.
What are spikes
This formation is an element of scar tissue, which is their fusion and has the form of thin strips similar to a plastic film, or they are similar to the shape of voluminous fibrous rims
Reasons for the appearance
Basically, the nature of the appearance of adhesions is the inflammatory process after surgery, as well as infections and any injuries. They are found between the internal organs, most of all between the fallopian tubes, ovaries, in the intestines, heart, and bladder.
Adhesions after laparoscopy are whitish stripes that contradict the human anatomy and prevent the body from working in the usual rhythm. Lead to health problems. Adhesions after laparoscopy of the fallopian tubes can contribute to the fact that a woman cannot become pregnant. But in the abdomen, they are the cause of bowel obstruction.
According to statistics, about 30 percent of patients after surgery suffer from the formation of adhesions. However, indicators that do not apply to everyone affect this.
There is an approximate list of factors that affect and increase the percentage of adhesions after laparoscopy:
- One of the first in the risk zone is the elderly and patients with diabetes. This is due to the fact that this category of the population has a low regenerative function of tissues.
- Also, the environment in which the operation is performed can be such a negative factor. Air and gas composition lead to overdrying of the abdominal cavity, which contributes to the formation of adhesions.
- These conditions include infection. Most often, this process happens during surgical intervention in the pelvic organs, since infectious pathogens accumulate at the site of the endoscopy. They penetrate into a suitable medium for their reproduction, slowing down the regeneration, as a result of which seals are formed, that is, the very adhesions.
Symptoms
The manifestation of any signs that an adhesion process is forming in the pelvic organs may be completely absent. As the scar of postoperative intervention increases, pulling pains appear in the place where the intervention was performed, their intensification is possible with movements and during sexual intercourse. The list of exacerbations of pathologies looks like this:
- the occurrence of intestinal obstruction;
- violation in the work of internal organs;
- the appearance of pain in the pelvic area;
- the menstrual cycle goes astray;
- infertility development;
- bleeding, with an unpleasant odor.
Diagnosis of adhesions
If there are signs of the formation of this process, the following procedures are necessary:
- The first of them is a physical examination with palpation, identifying a list of symptoms that bother the person, with which the doctor prescribes a further examination.
- Ultrasound of the organs of the area where it is possible to see the appearance of adhesions.
- X-ray, which is carried out on an empty stomach.
- Laparoscopic examination: a video camera is inserted through a small hole, which allows you to visually detect the adhesion process.
However, the clinical manifestation of seals is too diverse, the difficulty in diagnosing them. When examined by a gynecologist, it is possible to determine the formation of adhesions after laparoscopy of the ovaries when they are sore.
If infection contributed to this process, then the vaginal smear will show changes. In a general blood test, signs of inflammation will be visible.
Often used methods such as hysterosalpingography, in which the uterus and tubes are filled with contrast medium and examined using x-rays; nuclear magnetic resonance imaging is the acquisition of images showing the state of a particular area of the body.
The most popular is laparoscopy.
There are several stages of the formation of adhesions after laparoscopy:
- The first - compaction in the pelvic organs, or rather the fallopian tubes and ovaries, do not affect the penetration of the egg into the tube.
- The second - adhesions are located between these organs and represent an obstacle to capture the egg.
- Third - the pipe can be completely twisted by seals or pinched by them, which indicates that there is no cross.
Treatment
In the fight against adhesions after laparoscopy of a cyst, tube or ovary, there are two ways:
- Surgical removal.
- At the early stages of the formation of seals, conservative therapy is possible if there are any contraindications for the first.
Adhesions after laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst are removed by a small incision during surgery. In most cases, methods are used that allow you to save all healthy tissues of the internal organs. During laparoscopy, the ability to penetrate the eggs into the uterus is restored.
Treatment of seals in the pelvic organs is possible using ultrasound, currents that have a high frequency. Ionopheresis with enzymes is also among the methods to combat the problem of adhesion formation after laparoscopy. Mud therapy belongs to the same list of actions against seals. But it is worth noting that all procedures are most often good in the complex. Carrying out one of the actions is often not entirely effective.
In acute forms can not do without surgical intervention.
Re-formation of adhesions
After operable removal of the seals, there is a risk of their return. To prevent such a process, appropriate measures must be taken.
Prevention
Preventive measures are actions that must be carried out in order to prevent the reappearance of adhesions without fail. Carefully study these measures and follow the doctor’s instructions. To avoid adhesions after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst and other internal organs, the following preventive measures are taken:
- Various physiotherapy.
- Drug treatment.
- Massage.
- Following a strict diet.
- Passing regular examinations by a doctor.
The most common method for preventing adhesion symptoms after laparoscopy is with medication. It includes the appointment of antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as medications that destroy a substance such as fibrin, which refers to the elements for building seals. The duration of such measures varies from a few weeks to a month and a half.
There is a method that is aimed at the separation of internal organs, by introducing a special fluid into a particular area.
After the operation, one of the effective actions is physiotherapy, or rather an active effect on the body: electrophoresis, electrical stimulation, ultrasound, paraffin baths, laser therapy.
Massage therapy is used as an accompanying aid in the prevention of adhesions after laparoscopy.
Compliance with a special diet is one of the important directions in preventing the appearance of seals.
Folk methods
Modern medicine is strong in the treatment of adhesions, but do not forget about what people used when there were no innovations such as laparoscopy and antibiotics.
Such folk methods come to help:
- Aloe. The recipe is simple to prepare and will not cost. The age of the plant should be no more than 3 years, you need not to water aloe for several weeks, then tear off the leaves and determine them in the refrigerator for 3 days. Then do not chop coarsely and add 1: 6 of both milk and honey. You need to take such a drug 2 times a day for 2 months.
- Milk thistle can also be treated if adhesions have formed after laparoscopy. To do this, you need to insist its seeds: 1 tablespoon of them is poured with 200 milliliters of boiling water, boiled and filtered. Consume one month.
- Plantain seeds are also poured with boiling water and infused, in the same proportions as milk thistle. You need to drink for 2 months, 30 minutes before meals at least 3 times a day.
- St. John's wort If adhesions appeared after laparoscopy of the tubes, then treatment with this plant will be helpful. 1 tablespoon of dried hypericum is poured with boiling water, then boiled and filtered. The broth should be drunk once a day, in 1/4 cup, from one to three months.
Possible complications
The appearance of adhesions carries with it bad consequences. Seals provoke such complications:
- infertility;
- bowel obstruction;
- peritonitis;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- the menstrual cycle goes astray.
Most often, complications of the adhesive process require immediate surgical intervention.
Conclusion
Prevention of the appearance of seals after interventions such as laparoscopy of internal organs depends on the attending physician who performs the operation, and subsequently watches the patient, and the patient himself. You must follow all the requirements: follow a strict diet, do not sit still, move a lot, avoid all kinds of infections, but also do not overload the body.
All measures that need to be taken should be clarified by the doctor in order to avoid the re-emergence of such an unpleasant, and sometimes dangerous problem with complications in the body, like adhesions after laparoscopy.