Music has properties incomprehensible to the logic of an ordinary person. She is able to excite, raise morale, calm or, conversely, bring to hysteria. Anyone who picks up a guitar knows how fascinating sounds are from the vibration of the string, how people begin to draw in to these sounds. Why buy high-quality speakers or go to live concerts, why is sounding so important to a person? Anyone who decides to understand this himself or simply picks up a musical instrument, sooner or later realizes that music has its own laws, notes are not set as you like, but in accordance with musical notation, the rules for constructing scales. "What are scales?" - you ask.
Musical educational program
A person who comes to music school to study, or decides to understand the theory himself, begins to come across words such as scale, tonic, with questions about what scales, tone, and so on.
With a scale, everything is simple, it sounds all in a row. A tonic or gamma tone is the main sound. Gamma is a scale from tonic to tonic. To make it clearer, take a look at the piano keys and see how white and black keys alternate. The repetition period of the color change lasts seven white keys, with the eighth begins a new period. Here is the first and last key in the gamut and will be the tonic. A flat, which looks like a soft sign, lowers the sound by half a tone, and a sharp one that looks like a trellis increases by half a tone.
It’s also worth it to deal with numbers. Because in music they are pronounced in Latin. Prima - one, a second - two, a third - three, a quart - four, remember the famous Quartet fable, about four musicians, a quint - five, a sixth - six, a septima - seven, Claudius Sextus or Julius Septim often added to Roman names, which means the sixth and seventh respectively, the octave is eight.
Gamma Types
What are gammas? This is a sequence of sounds, so if you have a musical instrument at hand, then you can play it right now. Of the main types, major and minor are distinguished. There are versions of them - harmonic and melodic. Tonal music relies on these types of scales.
The types of scales are very diverse, there is a modal one, it is a little more difficult to understand here, since the scales in modal music can contain more or less than seven sounds. There are pentatonic scales of five sounds. Particular attention should be paid to jazz scales: blues pentatonic , blues and bebop major and minor, jazz minor with a melodic variety, increased scale, altered dominant scale.
Some people come up with their own names for scales when they think that they have built something new, but in fact it is extremely difficult to get away from the standards of music, if not impossible.
Gamma construction
Major scale is built, counting from the first sound, like tone (W), tone (W), half tone (H), tone (W), tone (W), tone (W), half tone (H). The major scale from the note to the simplest, since it does not have sharps and flats. The minor scale is built, counting from the first sound: tone (W), half tone (H), tone (W), tone (W), half tone (H), tone (W), tone (W). Of the minor, the simplest scale is from the note la.
The sixth sound is reduced in harmonic major, and the sixth and seventh sounds in melodic major. In harmonic minor, on the contrary, the seventh sound rises, and in melodic - the sixth and seventh sounds.
Let’s build a better understanding of all types of scales from notes to and mi, notes with sharps and flats are on the black keys.
Major gamma DO: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la, si, do.
Harmonic major gamma DO: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la b (sixth low sound, black key), si, do.
Melodic major gamma DO: do, re, mi, fa, salt, la b (sixth low sound, black key), sb (seventh low sound, black key), do.
The minor gamma of DO: do, re, mi b (black key), fa, salt, la b (black key), s b (black key), do.
Minor harmonic gamma DO: do, re, mi b (black key), fa, salt, la b (black key), si (increased seventh sound), do.
Minor melodic gamma DO: do, re, mi ((black key), fa, salt, la (increased sixth sound), si (increased seventh sound), do.
Major MI gamut: mi, fa # (black key), salt # (black key), a, si, do # (black key), re # (black key), mi.
Harmonious major gamma of MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt # (black key), a, si, do (sixth low sound), sharp (black key), mi.
Melodic major gamma of MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt # (black key), a, si, do (sixth low sound), re (seventh low sound), mi.
Minor MI scale: mi, fa # (black key), salt, la, si, do, re, mi.
Minor harmonic gamma MI: mi, fa # (black key), salt, la, si, do, re # (increased seventh sound, black key), mi.
Minor melodic gamma MI: mi, fa #, salt, la, si, up to # (increased sixth sound), re # (increased seventh sound), mi.
Gamma in music
Surely, you have heard the word gamma as applied not only to music. It can be a gamut of feelings to describe emotions and events, or it can be a gamut of colors to create a picture. Gamma of notes for a musician, like a palette for an artist. On it, fingers are trained to play a musical instrument, learn to navigate among strings or keys, get used to the sound. When writing works, in the absence of a musical instrument, sounds are recalled by scales. You can probably do without them, and get a good result. But why give up a convenient and proven tool.
Any gamma table is a hint for a musician, of course, knowing the rules, you can build any gamma yourself, but with a cheat sheet it's easier. Indeed, to build the desired interval between notes, just look at the gamut of the same tonic as the work being created, and leave the necessary notes.
Art of music
The art of playing musical instruments has been developed over the years. First, a music school, then a conservatory, then an academy and everywhere play scales. They play for warming up, for flexibility of fingers. This is a palette of music!
Math and music
Modern scientists have thoroughly approached music from the point of view of mathematics. Music obeys laws that can be calculated. It is difficult to make all the calculations in the head, but having written the algorithm to the computer, the machine was taught to compose music. They say that it turns out no worse than the works of classics.
But a car is a car. What is gamma for her? For her, this is a set of sounds from which to create a sequence. For a person, these are colors through which he describes emotions. Any composer imagines music, gives it a mood through amplification, calming down and other tricks. Their creations have names, such as "Farewell to the Motherland", "Variety Artist", waltz "Birch", "Rivals". Composers describe events and actions using the language of music.
Computers have gone far in development and can write music, but people compose it!