Pantogam is a nootropic drug that has a stimulating effect on the central nervous system. The drug is considered relatively safe and approved for use by children. Like all medicinal substances, it has contraindications and side effects. In order to avoid negative consequences and to obtain the maximum therapeutic effect, consult a doctor before use.
Pantogam: a description of the drug
The drug "Pantogam" refers to nootropics. Such drugs have a specific positive effect on the analytical and synthetic activity of the brain. They improve the functioning of the cerebral cortex, stimulate cognitive functions, learning, and memory. Nootropic drugs increase the resistance of brain cells to extreme overloads, lack of oxygen in nerve tissues. Means are also able to reduce focal neurological symptoms and improve corticosubcortical connections.
Pantogam is also a psychostimulant. This group includes drugs that increase mental and physical activity, the ability to accelerate responses to external stimuli. Psychotropic drugs help improve mood, relieve fatigue, and temporarily reduce the need for rest / sleep.
The composition of "Pantogam" includes hopantenic acid, it is it that has the above pharmacological properties. The drug is available in two dosage forms - tablets and syrup. The active pharmaceutical substance is the same for them, and the composition of the excipients is slightly different.
Tablets can be with an active substance content of 250 or 500 mg. In addition, they include:
- Cellulose ether and methanol - 0.8 / 1.6 mg.
- Calcium stearate - 3.1 / 6.2 mg.
- Magnesium bicarbonate - 46.8 / 93.6 mg.
- Talc - 9.3 / 18 mg.
10 tablets are produced in a cardboard box or 50 pcs. in a glass jar.
The syrup contains 10 g of active substance per 100 ml. Excipients:
- Glycerol - 25.8 g.
- Sorbitol - 15 g.
- Citric acid - 0.1 g.
- Sodium benzoate - 0.1 g.
- Aspartame (sweetener) - 0.05 g.
- Food flavoring “Cherry 667” - 0.07 g.
The syrup is sold in 100 mg glass vials with a dosage spoon.
Medicinal action
The use of Pantogam tablets helps to improve and increase the functionality of the central nervous system. The tool affects the metabolic processes and energy transformation processes that are responsible for the vital activity of the nerve cell. The drug improves penetration through the blood-brain barrier (a barrier between the blood and the central nervous system) and the utilization of glucose. Improves metabolic processes of nucleic acids, stimulates the synthesis of ATP - an enzyme that is a source of energy.
As a result of Pantogam’s effect, the bioelectric activity of the brain, perception and attention, thinking, learning, motivation and other higher mental functions are improved. The information exchange, memory improves, intellectual functions are activated. Due to the ability of the drug to improve cognitive function, it is justifiably called a “cognitive stimulant”.
Nootropic drug increases efficiency, reduces excessive motor activity, streamlines behavior. Pantogam also has an anticonvulsant effect - it prevents the increased tone of skeletal muscles.
The drug has a high bioavailability (86-94%). The time to reach the maximum concentration in the blood is 3-4 hours. The main part is absorbed from the digestive tract, not metabolized. It is excreted mainly through the kidneys (67.5%), the rest with feces (28.5%).
Indications
Why is Pantogam prescribed? The list of pathological conditions in which the drug is recommended is quite wide, and all of them are associated with decreased activity, and in some cases, CNS functionality:
- Overwork caused by severe physical and mental stress.
- Hepatocerebral dystrophy.
- Decrease in cognitive activity, dementia.
- A slight decrease in cognitive function. "Pantogam" is a weak psychostimulant that releases the necessary hormones from the nerve endings in the central nervous system, thereby contributing to the activation of higher mental activity.
- Schizophrenia.
- Unspecified neurotic disorder.
- Disorder of stereotypical movements.
- Various types of hyperkinetism, characterized by convulsive twitching (tics).
- Urination disorders: enuresis, polyuria.
- Huntington's syndrome.
- Neuroleptic extrapyramidal disorders.
- Myoclonus.
- Various forms of epilepsy.
- Toxic and unspecified encephalopathy.
- Damage to the circulatory system of the brain with cholesterol plaques.
- Neurogenic bladder weakness.
- Intracranial injuries and their consequences.
- The negative consequences of the use of antipsychotic and antipsychotic drugs.
The drug is prescribed as part of complex therapy, and as an independent tool.
To whom the drug is contraindicated
In the reviews about the use of Pantogam, you can read that the remedy caused unpleasant symptoms. Usually, such a reaction is associated with the use of the medicine by people who have contraindications to it.
If the drug is prescribed by a doctor, then when collecting an anamnesis, he reveals the presence of health conditions in which treatment with this nootropic drug is not recommended. And with independent use, a person may not even know about the presence of diseases related to contraindications:
- Individual high sensitivity to hopantenic acid or to other components of the drug.
- Severe kidney pathology in the acute period.
- Pregnancy, especially the first trimester. In clinical trials, women in the position did not participate, therefore, the category of harmful effects on the fetus is not defined.
- For children under three years of age, the use of tablets is not recommended, the drug in the form of a syrup is preferred.
Due to Pantogam’s ability to temporarily reduce the need for sleep, it is undesirable to take it after five in the evening.
Pantogam: instructions for use of tablets
Adults and children from three years of age are prescribed a tablet form of the drug, but if for some reason the patient cannot drink the tablets, they are replaced with syrup. The drug efficacy is the same in all dosage forms.
For better digestibility and bioavailability, Pantogam should be taken half an hour after breakfast and lunch. A single dose for older patients is 1-4 tablets of 250 mg. For children, a single dose is 0.25-0.5 g. Adult patients are recommended a dose of 1.5-3 g per day. For small patients, it is important to carefully follow the Pantogam instructions for use. For children, it is better to use syrup. The course of treatment is calculated individually and averages from one to four months, in some cases up to six months. After the end of the course, repeated medication is allowed, but only as prescribed by a specialist and not earlier than after 3 months.
Dosage and duration of the course depend on the pathology:
- In cognitive impairment due to impaired brain structure and function, they take one 250 mg tablet or half a 500 mg tablet three or four times a day.
- For epilepsy, Pantogam is taken in combination therapy with anticonvulsant drugs 0.5-1 g three times a day for adults, and children 0.25-0.5 g three to four times a day. Therapy can last up to six months.
- In case of mental and physical overload, to improve attention and remember you should drink 1 tablet of 250 mg three times a day.
- For disorders of urination of a neurogenic nature, adults are prescribed 2-4 tablets of 250 mg 2-3 times a day, for small patients - 1-2 tablets three times in 24 hours. The duration of therapy is 1-3 months.
- For extrapyramidal disorders (Parkinson's syndrome, Huntington's chorea and others), 2-12 tablets of 250 mg are prescribed. The course is 4 months, the appropriateness of a longer therapy is determined by a neurologist.
- To treat and prevent extrapyramidal syndrome caused by the use of antipsychotics, drink 2-4 tablets of 250 mg three times a day. The course is 30-90 days.
The use of Pantogam tablets should be carried out in accordance with the recommendations of the doctor. Reduction or increase in dosage must be coordinated with a neurologist. Otherwise, the tool may not give the necessary therapeutic results or contribute to the development of undesirable manifestations.
"Pantogam": instructions for use of syrup
Small patients should use the medicine only as directed by a doctor. Moreover, the pediatrician or neurologist must constantly monitor therapy. The pharmacological effect of the drug on the body of the child is the same as on the adult.
In the instructions for use for children "Pantogam" (syrup) is indicated for the following pathologies:
- Violation of speech skills in a child.
- Violation of the formation of training skills (score, reading).
- Violation in the development of motor coordination.
- Oligophrenia, unspecified.
- Violation of activity and attention.
- Enuresis and encopresis of inorganic nature.
- Stuttering / stammering.
- Cerebral palsy.
- Congenital dysfunction of the bladder associated with a violation of its innervation.
- Congenital disorders of intelligence and memory.
Pantogam tablets for children under 3 years of age are not recommended. For this age, syrup is more suitable. The following daily doses are recommended depending on the age of the child and the disease:
- From birth to one year - 5-10 ml.
- From 12 months to 36 months - 5-12.5 ml.
- From three to seven years - 7.5-15 ml.
- For children over seven years of age, a dose of 10-20 ml is recommended.
The dosage of the syrup is calculated depending on the pathology:
- With schizophrenia, the syrup is taken in combination with psychotropic drugs, 5-30 ml per day. The duration of therapy is 30-90 days.
- In case of epilepsy, Pantogam is used in parallel with anticonvulsants of 7.5-10 ml per day for at least a year.
- With antipsychotic disorders - 30 ml per day.
- With TBI, its consequences are 5-30 ml per day.
- With deurination disorders, drink 2.5-5 ml two or three times a day.
Pantogam and Pantogam Asset - what is the difference?
In forums where various nootropic drugs are discussed, many are interested in what is the difference between the drugs with almost the same name. In order to understand the difference, you should find out the main characteristics of Pantogama Asset.
The tool has a nootropic, sedative-hypnotic effect, reduces convulsive readiness. It increases the resistance of brain cells to damage by toxins, lack of oxygen. Stimulates plastic metabolism in neurons, combines a moderate hypnotic effect with a mild tonic effect. It activates mental activity, regulates behavior, reduces excessive excitability.
The mechanism of action of Pantogam Asset is due to the presence of gamma-aminobutyric acid in it, which directly affects the ligand-dependent channel of the nervous system, which helps to inhibit the transmission of nerve excitation. The drug is a mixture of calcium hopantenate and its isomers. It is the isomers that improve the transport and interaction of the drug with GABA receptors.
The medication has a stronger nootropic effect than preparations of hopantenic acid of the first generation. Another difference between Pantogama Asset and Pantogama is the age limit from which the use of the drug is permitted. Due to the lack of clinical trials in patients under the age of 18, the use of the drug in patients younger than this age is not recommended.
The use of Pantogama Asset
The dosage form of the drug is capsules, each of which contains 300 mg of the active pharmaceutical substance (D, L-hopantenic acid). Due to such a high content of active substance in one capsule, the effectiveness of the drug increases. Improper use of the drug can lead to serious negative consequences, in order to avoid this, the drug is dispensed strictly according to the prescription.
The Pantogam Asset instruction is recommended for the following pathologies:
- Cognitive impairment caused by the effects of neuroinfections, head injury.
- Disorders caused by acute or prolonged psychological trauma.
- Pathology of cerebral vessels, characterized by a violation of blood circulation in them.
- Extrapyramidal hyperkinesis.
- Epilepsy (in complex therapy with anticonvulsants).
- Mental and emotional overload.
- Decreased mental and physical activity.
- Disorders of urination of neurogenic etiology.
- Schizophrenia (with complex therapy)
The drug is administered orally 20 minutes after eating, in the morning and afternoon, 2-3 times a day.
The daily dose should not exceed eight capsules. The duration of treatment is determined by the doctor depending on the pathology and the effect of the drug on the body and usually ranges from one to four months. If necessary, a repeated course is allowed, but not earlier than six months later.
Side effects
The use of Pantogam syrup, as well as tablets, is often accompanied by undesirable reactions. If they occur, you should stop drinking the drug and visit the doctor who prescribed it. The side effects presented below are arranged in accordance with the frequency of occurrence, from very frequent to very rare:
- The immune system. Various allergic manifestations: skin rashes like hives, inflammation of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by swelling, nasal congestion, secretion of serous secretions, conjunctivitis.
- Mental disorders. Sleep disorders, in isolated cases, drowsiness is observed.
- CNS Headache, noise or hum in the head, dizziness.
- Digestive system. Nausea, pain in the upper abdomen.
It is worth noting that undesirable effects may not occur immediately, their occurrence depends on the individual characteristics of the body.
special instructions
Pantogam is a medicine that should be used with caution. It affects the central nervous system, which makes certain adjustments to the usual way of life. In the early days of therapy, drowsiness, slight distraction may occur, so you should refrain from traveling behind the wheel at first.
When using the drug, it is also worth remembering and considering the following:
- The opened syrup is stored in the refrigerator for no more than 30 days. The shelf life of the tablets is 3 years, after its expiration the use of the drug can be hazardous to health.
- In case of an overdose, you should rinse the stomach as soon as possible by artificial vomiting, take absorbent drugs and call outpatient care.
The instructions for Pantogam tablets indicate that they interact differently with certain drugs. Before using other drugs, a neurologist should be consulted.
- It prolongs the action of barbituric acid derivatives.
- It enhances the therapeutic effect of drugs that stimulate the central nervous system: psychostimulants, nootropics, analeptics, adaptogens.
- Enhances the effect of anticonvulsants.
- Prevents the occurrence of undesirable effects of antipsychotics, drugs "Phenobarbital", "Carbomazepine."
- The action of the drug itself is enhanced by "Glycine", ethidronic acid.
Reviews
The drug is not included in the number of funds that are available in every home medicine cabinet. Nevertheless, the diseases in which it is prescribed are very common, and many people have been prescribed this drug.
Based on the instructions for the use of Pantogam and reviews, the drug relieves mental stress. Young people claim that pills help to cope with overload during sessions, passing examinations is easier.
Moms write that after taking the drug, children learn easier, become obedient, calm, balanced. In children with cerebral palsy, the symptom complex is relieved.
People suffering from urination disorders claim that after the first week of using the tablets they were able to sleep peacefully, as they did not constantly run to the toilet.