In most situations, the factor of the occurrence of the disease is referred to as acute inflammatory processes provoked by enterobacterial, viral, fungal, mycoplasma or chlamydial infections. Chronization of secondary specific laryngitis developing on the background of syphilis, tuberculosis, diphtheria, rheumatoid arthritis, amyloidosis, SLE and other autoimmune lesions is rarely observed. But many patients are interested in what is the likelihood of cancer with hyperplastic laryngitis? If the disease is started, then in the future it can provoke the occurrence of cancerous tumors. Therefore, it is very important to conduct treatment.
Causes
Doctors highlight the reasons that contribute to the development of pathology. These include:
- Traumatic injuries. This includes blunt and penetrating neck injuries, penetration of a foreign object into the larynx cavity, prolonged intubation, placement of a tracheostomy, surgical operations in this anatomical area.
- Concomitant inflammatory pathologies. Endocrine pathologies, chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, rhinitis and others can contribute to the development of laryngitis.
- Bad habits. In many patients, the formation of inflammatory changes is associated with prolonged smoking, alcohol abuse, and narcotic substances.
- Professional harm. This factor includes the continuous exhalation of dust, industrial fumes, very dry or hot air. In addition, the appearance of laryngitis is associated with long-term or excessive voice congestion.
- Immunodeficiency conditions. The formation of pathology is caused by prolonged corticosteroid, radial or chemotherapy, continuous hypothermia, oncological lesions of the bone marrow, the presence of AIDS or congenital immunogenetic pathologies.
Symptoms
Hyperplastic laryngitis at the beginning of its development may be invisible and not cause any alarming signals. However, when the condition worsens, inflammation intensifies, as a result of which the cells of the laryngeal mucosa grow. After this, the normal functioning of the vocal cords becomes difficult, the mucous membrane begins to cornea.
At an early stage, the disease can be identified by some signs:
- The tone of the voice begins to change, differs from the usual, coarsens.
- During the conversation, hoarseness appears, a hoarseness is heard in the voice.
- The vocal cords quickly get tired (within 5-10 minutes after the start of the conversation).
- The sensation of a lump in the larynx, discomfort does not pass.
- Concerned about bouts of intense coughing.
- The throat begins to itch, a tickle appears.
With the further development and strengthening of symptoms, the patient may lose voice not only for a short time, but for life. In addition, cells that hypertrophy in the mucosa of the larynx lead to the appearance of nodes that are at risk of becoming malignant. Therefore, when identifying violations and explicit voice modification, consultation with an otolaryngologist or therapist is necessary to prevent the development of the disease.
Early diagnosis
Hyperplastic laryngitis is a chronic disease that is expressed by inflammation of the larynx. The course of treatment is about three weeks.
Before starting the diagnosis, the doctor needs to collect a series of data that will help to carry out the operation correctly, since in the future the surgeon needs to remove all infected tissues.
The otolaryngologist should clarify the following information when interviewing the patient:
- symptoms
- patient profession;
- previous events.
Stages
When interviewing a doctor, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient’s voice. Next, a survey is carried out, which includes:
- Physical examination. It includes examination of the contours of the neck, as well as the functioning of regional muscles.
- Indirect laryngoscopy (examination of the mucous membranes of the larynx, ventricles, and vocal folds).
- Laboratory test. It allows you to check the level of white blood cells, as well as a change in their formula and the location of the pathogen.
- Histological examination. Checking the condition of the tissues of the larynx.
- Tomography of the neck. It is carried out in cases when it is impossible to differentiate.
How to treat hyperplastic laryngitis?
The peculiarity of the disease lies in hypertrophy of the vocal cords and has, as a rule, a chronic form. If timely adequate (including drug) therapy is not carried out, pathological proliferation of soft tissues of the larynx may occur, which can even cause suffocation.
It should be noted that drug therapy is prescribed to the patient solely according to the results of a carefully conducted diagnosis and under the supervision of the attending physician.
When to start therapy?
Treatment of hyperplastic laryngitis should be started immediately after detection, this process will be quite lengthy. If treatment is carried out with medication, then it will consist in the appointment of a therapeutic course, which consists of several groups of drugs:
- against inflammation;
- immunomodulatory;
- antibacterial;
- corticosteroid and antihistamines.
If the treatment is topical, then drugs that are intended for rinsing, for example, zinc sulfate or albucid, are used. Inhalations with the addition of electrophoresis containing potassium iodide may be prescribed.
In addition, hyposensitizing and antispastic therapy, as well as novocaine blocking, may be required to treat the disease, it helps reduce mucosal edema and reflex spasm.
Other methods
If signs of recovery appear, you need to continue the course of conservative treatment of hyperplastic laryngitis. If there are no improvements, then we need to proceed to the interventions of surgeons.
The most effective are the following endolaryngeal methods: laser and radio therapy, as well as cryodestruction. During treatment, the patient is strictly forbidden to smoke, drink drinks containing alcohol. Do not eat spicy, too hot or cold food.
If you do not start treating the disease in time, then it can entail terrible consequences (up to the formation of malignant tumors).
Drug groups
Each of the groups of medicines in the treatment of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis has its own therapeutic purpose, namely:
- Preparations for softening the tissues of the larynx are recommended to be used in the form of therapeutic inhalations. To carry out such a procedure, "Chlorobutanol" is usually prescribed. Such inhalations are usually combined with rinsing the larynx with mineral water (for example, Borjomi, Narzan), as well as a solution of milk with soda.
- Drugs that are able to effectively dilute sputum (mucus) and contribute to its release. For these purposes, it is recommended to infuse drugs such as Trypsin, Chymotrypsin into the larynx, and simple paraffin oil is also suitable for these purposes.
- To achieve an expectorant effect and suppress the cough reflex, Mukaltin or similar drugs with the same composition are prescribed.
- To reduce swelling of the laryngeal cavity, the use of antihistamines is recommended, the most affordable of which is Loratidine and its modern analogues.
- The use of medications to relieve inflammation in the larynx and block hyperplastic processes is recommended in the form of irrigation and infusion into the larynx. For these procedures, "Albucid", "Prednisolone", "Hydrocortisone" are prescribed, before infusion, these drugs are mixed with an antibiotic.
- For effective disinfection and healing of the laryngeal mucosa, it is customary to use drugs such as Resorcinol, Protargolum, Collargolum, Galascorbin, menthol solution and sea buckthorn oil for infusion.
- In addition to drugs of local effect, with hyperplastic laryngitis, immunomodulators are prescribed to increase a person's own immunity.
Alternative treatment
The use of folk remedies and methods in addition to drug therapy for hyperplastic laryngitis significantly facilitates the patient's condition and consolidates the achieved therapeutic effect. It should be noted that alternative methods should be used only after agreement with the attending physician. The following are the most common and commonly used folk recipes to alleviate conditions with hyperplastic laryngitis:
- The easiest way is to drink warm (namely, warm, not hot or cold) milk. This product helps in a fairly short time to get rid of such an unpleasant symptom as perspiration, which, with an inflamed larynx, gives a lot of unpleasant sensations.
- A good result is given by systematic rinsing of the larynx with saline with the addition of citric acid and a drop of iodine.
- Various inhalations on herbal anti-inflammatory infusions (chamomile, yarrow, thyme) are widely used in folk medicine.
- Such a recipe is known for laryngitis: 200 g of chopped garlic or onion is added to two tablespoons of honey. This mixture is used after 2 hours several times a day.
- Similarly, in the form of a therapeutic mixture, lemon with honey is recommended - this tool kills bacteria, relieves irritation and pain.
Infusions and herbs
In the treatment of folk remedies of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis, drinking of various medicinal infusions and solutions is widely used, including:
- The juice of a medicinal plant is aloe, in which honey is added in a ratio of 1: 1. Use this mixture in a warm form. This recipe helps relieve symptoms (tickling, pain).
- Freshly squeezed carrot juice with the addition of two tablespoons of honey in a glass. To achieve a therapeutic effect, you need to eat 1/4 of the prepared portion (glass) before meals.
- A mixture of the above milk (150 ml) with the addition of yolk should be drunk immediately after eating.
- To eliminate the symptom of hoarseness, hoarseness and to restore voice, people drink warm (warmed beer).
Prevention
As a preventive measure, hypertrophic laryngitis should completely stop smoking cigarettes, drink alcohol, protect the respiratory tract when working in various industries with smoke. People who constantly use their voice for professional purposes should be watched by the phonator. He will give exercises and select the voice mode that is most suitable.
It is necessary to eat the right foods (rich in vitamins, soft in consistency, medium in temperature, avoid very cold or hot), temper the body with various methods, and not be late with the treatment of various diseases of ENT organs. It is advisable to move to an ecological area of the city.
You can not do exercises that contribute to the breakdown of the vocal cords. You should visit your dentist as necessary to maintain healthy teeth.
When the first signs of SARS or influenza appear, you should immediately visit a doctor or buy in the pharmacy network funds that are taken to prevent or treat influenza and SARS. Travel to sanatoriums and resorts will be useful. In order to increase immunity, it is recommended to drink immunomodulating drugs that are sold in pharmacies.