The term "cystitis" refers to inflammation of the bladder. According to statistics, more often the disease is observed among the female half, which is due to physiological characteristics: the urethra in women is naturally wider, shorter than in men, so the infectious agent can easily enter the body. On average, about a third of all women on the planet suffer from cystitis - it is such a frightening figure that medical statistics say. Much depends on the lifestyle, age and environmental factors, the individual characteristics of the body.
Where did the trouble come from?
It is easier to understand what cystitis is, if you look at the causes of its occurrence. The risk of the inflammatory process is at any age, among representatives of any gender. A sharp hypothermia or an excess of fried, sharp in the diet can provoke infection. The disease often haunts those who lead a sedentary lifestyle. Injuries to the urinary mucosa, venereal, gynecological diseases in a chronic form can play a role. An infectious agent can enter the bladder from other foci of inflammation in the body. Unprotected sex and neglect of basic personal hygiene are associated with certain risks.
According to statistics, most often they learn from their own experience what cystitis is, persons who have experienced hypothermia of the pelvic region, lower extremities. Avoid prolonged sitting in the cold. If it is cool outside (especially on frosty days), it is important to use warm shoes, underwear is not the right time for light silk robes.
Many people who are forced to sit in the workplace for a long time also know well what cystitis is. This leads to congestion in the pelvic area. You can’t sit out for 4-5 hours without a break. Even if work requires such a pastime, you need to allow yourself regular breaks of at least a quarter of an hour.
About risk group
Treatment of cystitis in women is more often required than in men. In particular danger are persons suffering from chronic gynecological pathologies. At the same time, a favorable environment for the infectious agent is formed in the pelvic organs. As soon as the focus of inflammation appears in the body, soon the harmful microorganisms penetrate the urinary system. If a sexually transmitted disease is established, a gynecological infection is detected, it is important to cure the disease until complete recovery. Neglect of therapy, neglect of the case can cause numerous complications.
Often women have cystitis during pregnancy. A special risk group is the initial period of gestation. The body undergoes hormonal changes, while the immune system weakens - this process is provided by nature to prevent rejection of the fertilized cell. Such processes lead to the formation of conditions especially favorable for pathological life forms. The peculiarity of the treatment of cystitis in the “interesting” position is that it is extremely important to choose such drugs that will help restore maternal health, but will not harm the embryo. Self-medication during pregnancy is strictly prohibited, the risk of harming the baby is too high.
However, not only pregnancy, but also any hormonal disorders, changes, imbalance - this is a situation in which the likelihood of cystitis in women is high. Treatment may be required amid deficiency of vitamins in the body.
Hygiene as a guarantee of health
It is equally important to respect the rules for both women and men. There is a high risk of cystitis (reviews of the disease and therapy, by the way, this is very demonstratively confirmed) against the background of the following bad habits in everyday life:
- the use of dense linen made of synthetic fibers;
- daily use of everyday pads;
- insufficiently frequent replacement of pads, tampons during menstrual bleeding;
- failure to comply with urination.
The latter deserves special attention: it is important to visit the toilet at least five times daily, otherwise stagnant processes are observed, urine decomposes into components, which becomes a comfortable condition for an infectious agent.
Very often, cystitis in men (however, this reason is also common in women) is observed against infection with Escherichia coli. Staphylococci can penetrate the body through the skin, through the intestines. Bacteria enter the urethra and ascend to the bladder, where active reproduction of the colony begins.
Cystitis: what happens?
Two main forms are distinguished: acute, chronic cystitis. The first option is the pronounced symptoms of the disease. As a rule, a provoking factor precedes the disease. The second form is less pronounced, more often observed against the background of other human diseases.
Another classification involves the attribution of cystitis to a primary or secondary disease. There are pathologies of a bacterial nature and not being such. Most often, cystitis in men, women appears on the background of microscopic pathological organisms. Inflammatory processes can provoke gono-, entero-, streptococci. An infectious agent can enter the body through lymph, blood, ascending, descending.
A non-bacterial variety of the disease is fixed if the walls of the bladder are exposed to the negative influence of chemical components, drugs and other substances that enter the body from the outside. There are thermal, toxic cystitis. There are cases when the disease was observed against a background of allergies. There are also radiation, alimentary forms.
Sometimes drugs for the treatment of cystitis are needed against the background of damage to the bladder by the previously mentioned aggressive factors. In this case, the disease is primary. Secondary is observed against the background of pathologies of the bladder or organs located nearby. There are many cases when treatment was required for stones in the gallbladder, adenoma, urethral stricture and other diseases.
Symptomatology
Manifestations of the disease are directly determined by its form. If the cystitis is acute, the picture is bright, specific: the patient suffers from severe pain, urge to urinate is observed very often (several times per hour). Chronic cystitis at the stage of remission may, in general, not manifest itself.
The acute form most often attracts attention:
- cloudy urine;
- pain
- increased frequency of urination.
If the disease is particularly severe, fever is possible. Sometimes in the urine there are blood impurities. Patients describe sensations as the inability to completely empty the bladder. The strength of pain at the end of urination is possible so strong that sensations are given in the intestines.
If the mentioned symptoms bother the man, it is important to make an appointment with the urologist as soon as possible. In a strong half of humanity, primary cystitis is extremely rare, more often the disease develops against the background of other pathologies. The most typical triggering factors are diabetes, stones, prostatitis. Similar to the described manifestations may indicate non-gonococcal urethritis.
Sometimes it is extremely difficult to suspect that drugs for the treatment of cystitis are already needed: the disease does not manifest itself as symptoms. It is possible to diagnose it only by accident - for example, on a routine preventive examination of a patient, while delivering biological fluids for analysis for another reason.
How to formulate a diagnosis?
Only a doctor can understand what they had to deal with. The patient is sent to laboratory tests of biological fluids, ultrasound. If acute cystitis is detected, it is necessary to take a course of antimicrobial drugs. Pills for cystitis help quickly, the clinical picture is exhausting itself. When the acute manifestations disappear, the patient is sent for cystoscopy, during which samples of biological tissues of the bladder from the inside are taken for examination using special technologies. Since in women cystitis is often observed against the background of gynecological pathologies, it is important to undergo examination by a specialist in order to detect diseases.
If you suspect a chronic form of the patient, they are sent to:
- urine tests of several types;
- cystoscopy;
- ultrasound;
- biopsy
- PCR
It is important to conduct a differential diagnosis so as not to confuse cystitis and urethritis - a pathology in which the inflammatory process is localized in the urethra. With urethritis, the patient complains of a burning sensation, a sharp pain during urination. However, in practice, these problems are often observed simultaneously.
All your name
If the tablets for cystitis do not show a pronounced effect, the disease is delayed, the patient is sent for additional examinations. We will have to do a number of tests to exclude a malignant neoplasm, tuberculosis. Sometimes prostatitis manifests itself with symptoms similar to cystitis.
It should be remembered that inflammatory processes in the bladder can cause an increase in temperature, but not more than 37.5 ° C. If the fever is stronger, a kidney disease is likely to occur. Will have to undergo examination by a urologist.
How to treat?
The treatment of cystitis is quickly possible if the disease is detected early, while it was possible to accurately formulate all its features and choose the appropriate drug therapy. It is important that the process takes place under the supervision of a doctor. If the patient wants to use traditional medicine, you can combine them with traditional approaches, but do not replace one with another, otherwise the chances of a full recovery are minimal. Basic aspects of cystitis therapy:
- bed rest;
- the use of medication prescribed by a doctor;
- strict adherence to diet.
Patients should drink warm liquid daily in large volumes.
The acute form of the disease requires the use of spasmodic drugs. Indispensable antibiotics for cystitis. Herbs that activate the process of urination will benefit. If the pain syndrome is very worried, medications should be taken to eliminate muscle spasms of the bladder. The most popular in pharmacies are sold under the names "Papaverine", "No-Shpa". Typically, the client has a choice: you can use either pills or candles.
Therapy Features
The treatment of cystitis is quickly possible if the patient complies with all the recommendations of the doctor, and also uses (as agreed with the doctor) traditional medicine. First of all, these are medicinal herbs. Most useful:
- lingonberry;
- bearberry;
- special fees for the kidneys.
You can drink natural fruit drinks on cranberries, lingonberries, blueberries. On the pharmacy shelves there is a wide variety of herbal remedies. The most famous:
- "Cyston."
- "Fitolizin".
- "Kanefron."
All these medicines should be combined with large volumes of warm liquid - the patient should use it daily. To facilitate urination with severe soreness, you can wash the perineum with warm soda water.
To alleviate the condition of the patient, you will have to adhere to a special nutrition program. For the period of the disease, they completely refuse pickled, salted and smoked products, and spicy dishes. Milk, all dairy, as well as fruits will benefit. The most pronounced positive effect of watermelon.
Chronicle
Especially difficult is the treatment of a chronic form of cystitis. Instructions for the use of drugs prescribed by the doctor must be followed unconditionally. Antimicrobials are usually prescribed. At the same time, they recommend taking formulations that normalize the process of outflow of urine. If an adenoma is found, you need to start its treatment. It is possible to identify narrowing of the urethra, then procedures will be needed to return the lumens of the passage to normal.
As part of the fight against chronic cystitis, the patient undergoes a full examination of the body. The emphasis is on the search for infectious foci. Medications for cystitis are taken, after having passed laboratory examinations of biological fluids. In the course of analyzes, it is determined which pathogen caused the disease, to which medications it is sensitive. Already on the basis of this information, a medical course is prescribed.
Folk wisdom against inflammation
The treatment of cystitis at home shows effectiveness if the traditional approach and non-classical medicine are combined. The simplest folk method is based on the use of milk. Three liters are boiled, of which a mug is poured into a basin for the foot bath, and they are wrapped waist-deep in a shawl. When the liquid has cooled slightly, add a new portion. This continues until the entire product is used up. For the second procedure, you can again take the same milk. It is recommended to repeat the activities until the patient becomes better.
Another method of treating cystitis at home involves the use of bricks. Two halves are heated, put in a metal container, the edges are wrapped with cloth. The patient sits on the container, turns to the waist with a blanket and sits while the warmth of the brick is felt. At the end of the procedure, you must lie down in bed. Such an event is advised to be repeated several times a day.
The specified format for the treatment of cystitis at home is not allowed for everyone - first you need to check with your doctor how useful the thermal procedures will be. In some forms of the disease, they are strictly prohibited and can cause exacerbation. It is strictly impossible to do warming up if cystitis is detected in a woman with fibromyoma, myoma. A much more effective approach is the use of infusions and decoctions of diuretic plants. Course duration - up to two months. To prevent exacerbation from time to time, you can re-take medicinal herbs. After acute cystitis, preventive courses are recommended to drink every three months. If a chronic form is detected, the frequency is every five months.
Safe and effective
The treatment of cystitis in women at home most often suggests the use of a variety of herbal medicines. Especially well-known gathering on thyme. This plant is combined in equal amounts with dill seeds, parsley leaves, St. John's wort, knotweed. The infusion is brewed per calculation: a glass of boiling water on a teaspoon of a mixture of herbs. The finished medicine is eaten for three weeks. Frequency of use - thrice daily. A single dosage is half a glass. After the course, take a ten-day break and repeat the approach. Three consecutive cycles are required for a pronounced effect. Usually, patients feel noticeably better already in the first year, but only a fully completed program will be the key to getting rid of an old sore.
You can treat cystitis in women at home with a cornflower. 300 g of boiling water are taken on a dried handful of inflorescences and the liquid is insisted for half an hour. The finished drug is drunk twice a day - 150 g in the morning, the same amount in the evening. It is recommended to use the drug in large sips.
A quick improvement can be seen if you eat a liter of fresh lingonberries. True, such a measure does not cancel the continuation of the therapeutic course, but feeling sick will not be so bad.
All of these formulations and recipes are effective only if they are practiced simultaneously with treatment with the classical approach. The patient must follow a diet, otherwise no drugs will give a positive result.
Cystitis: complications
If the treatment is started correctly, after a week (sometimes a little longer) the symptoms completely exhaust themselves, but if the therapy is completed ahead of time or if the treatment is not sufficiently responsive, it can cause the disease to become chronic - only acute manifestations will disappear, but the inflammation itself will remain. One has only to chill a little - and now cystitis will again be right there. The chronicle can cause scarring on the back wall of the urethra, which reduces the volume, and this causes frequent infection. If you abandon the therapy of the disease ahead of time, the infection can spread to neighboring areas. The kidneys are the first to suffer, so cystitis initiates pyelonephritis. The patient is disturbed by the frequent urge to the toilet, the lower back hurts, the temperature rises, a tendency to swelling appears.
If you do not receive the correct treatment of cystitis in full, this can cause the disease to go into interstitial form. Infection affects both the mucous membranes and the tissues under them, including muscle fibers. The walls of the bladder are covered with scars, which leads to deformations, the body shrinks, and the volume decreases. With such a disease, the only reasonable therapeutic approach is the removal of a diseased bladder and the formation of its analogue from intestinal tissues by a surgical method.
"Interesting" position
Very often diagnosed with cystitis during gestation. As statistics show, every tenth patient first encounters cystitis during pregnancy. The reason, as indicated above, is the inhibition of the immune system. Changes in the hormonal background play their role. Immunity becomes weaker, any hypothermia leads to a variety of diseases, and the bladder is an excellent location for the unhindered reproduction of microbes. In order not to encounter cystitis during the period of bearing the embryo, you will have to protect yourself from the cold, very clearly observe hygiene requirements. It must be remembered that a sharp change in climate can easily provoke acute cystitis. An increase in the volume of the uterus plays its role - it compresses the bladder, and this causes insufficient outflow of fluid, therefore, the multiplication of pathological microorganisms.
During pregnancy, the prevention of cystitis is much more important than at any other time, since the possibilities for its treatment are strictly limited. Some medications affect the fetus, and the effects of others are not well understood, so the choice of drugs is very limited. At the same time, treatment is required as timely as possible, since the infection can reach the kidneys and cause complications.
Appearances and passwords
As a rule, treatment of pregnant women is carried out using such medications that affect locally. Among antimicrobial agents, there is only one remedy that is widely used in this case - it is Monural. The medicine shows a good result even with a single dose, but all the features of the course should be determined by the attending physician. In some cases, therapy is enhanced by the use of Amoxiclav, Kanefron.
One of the effective approaches to the treatment of cystitis during child bearing is instillation. A catheter is placed in the bladder of a sick woman and antimicrobial formulations are administered. It can be a variety of oils, as well as drugs "Rivanol", "Protargol". After the introduction of the drug, it is necessary to withstand up to ten minutes with a full bladder. It is possible to carry out instillation only in a hospital, under the supervision of a treating doctor. This approach has proven itself to be a pronounced positive result, but it is not used very often, as it is fraught with some danger to the fetus.
What is cystitis, we found out. It should be emphasized that it is unpleasant for everyone, but it is especially dangerous for pregnant women. When carrying a child, the kidneys face an increased load, and an additional aggressive factor in the form of an infectious focus depresses organs even more. Ureter infection can easily penetrate higher and cause acute pyelonephritis. With this disease, a pregnant woman needs to be urgently hospitalized.