The doctor prescribing this drug will tell you how to take Carbamazepine tablets, what they help with and what diagnoses are prescribed. The drug belongs to the class of antiepileptic. The main component obtained during the processing of dibenzazepine. Under the influence of the drug, the conductivity of the sodium channels is inhibited, the ascent of the mediators of the nervous system slows down. The medication has an inherent effectiveness against convulsions, pain. The tool belongs to the class of antidiuretics, normotimics, antipsychotics.
Technical information
200 mg of carbamazepine contained in carbamazepine tablets is the very ingredient that determines the activity of the drug. Each tablet also contains additional components. For the manufacture of the drug, the manufacturer used aerosil, starch compounds, povidone and polysorbate. Magnesium stearate is present in the preparation. It is especially important for people suffering from hypersensitivity, susceptibility of compounds used in the pharmaceutical industry to read the instructions in the part that describes the ingredients used in detail.
Pharmacology
To understand why carbamazepine tablets are prescribed, it is necessary to study the instructions for use. It also describes the rules for the safe use of the composition and explains what risks are associated with non-compliance with recommendations. The drug belongs to the category of antiepileptic. It has an anti-manic effect. The tool is normotimic, helps stabilize diuresis against diabetes insipidus. In case of neuralgia, a medicine is used to relieve pain. The active compound inhibits the sodium channels, due to which neural membranes are stabilized, serial neutron discharges are inhibited, the ability to conduct synoptic pulses is weakened.
The active compound, as explained by the instructions for the use of carbamazepine tablets, prevents the re-generation of positive sodium potentials in neutron potentials that have already undergone depolarization. The release activity of neurotransmitters of the nervous system associated with glutamate is reduced, the threshold for seizure readiness is increased. The use of the drug can reduce the risk of an epileptic seizure. The conductivity of positively charged potassium molecules improves, the operation of channels providing the passage of calcium with a positive charge is modulated. To some extent, this determines the effectiveness of the drug against seizures.
Effect Features
As the instructions for the use of carbamazepine tablets say, under the influence of the drug, personality changes due to epilepsy are reduced. Patients become more sociable, the rehabilitation of the patient in society is simplified. Combined use of “carbamazepine” and other drugs effective against convulsions is allowed. You can prescribe a remedy for partial, focal seizures. The use of tablets is allowed if the attacks are simple or occur in a complex form. You can use the tool in the case of secondary generalization of the process, with the tonic-clonic version of the flow of the generalized type. Tablets may be used in any combination of the above pathological conditions. At the same time, it is noted that "Carbamazepine" shows a relatively low level of effectiveness in the case of a small, myoclonic attack, abscess.
Explaining why carbamazepine tablets are prescribed in a particular case, the doctor also points to the relief of depressive symptoms and anxiety manifestations, which are often worrying epileptics. This effect is observed when taking the drug as adult patients and children. The aggressiveness of patients decreases, people become less irritable. The adjustment of psychomotor, the effect on cognitive aspects is determined by the dosage of drugs. Much depends on the characteristics of the case and the condition of the body.
Efficiency and effectiveness: when taken correctly
Studies aimed at determining how and from which the carbamazepine tablets are most effective have proved that the anticonvulsant effect inherent in the medication lasts for hours in some patients, and for days in others. Auto-induction of metabolic processes can cause the effectiveness of the drug for a month. If neuralgia is established, the tool can prevent an attack of pain. It can be used to alleviate neurogenic pain in the spinal cord, paresthesia due to previous trauma, and neuralgia associated with herpes. If the cause of pain in the trigeminal nerve, pain relief is observed 8-72 hours after taking the composition. In case of alcohol poisoning, taking the drug helps to increase the threshold of the body's readiness for convulsions, reduced during withdrawal. At the same time, the clinic of the syndrome as a whole is facilitated - tremors pass, excess excitability decreases, and the gait stabilizes.
By identifying aspects of the action of carbamazepine tablets, scientists have found that taking medication against diabetes mellitus can stabilize the fluid balance in the body. The desire to drink is weakening, diuresis is getting smaller. As for the psychotropic effects, the anti-manic effect can be observed a week or a half after the start of the course. It is assumed that this action is due to inhibition of metabolic processes affecting the production of dopamine and norepinephrine.
Kinetic Nuances
According to the instructions explaining why carbamazepine tablets help, how they are used and how they are processed in the body, the absorption process is quite slow, but it has a high efficiency. The process is independent of meals. After using a single dose, the maximum concentration in blood serum is fixed after 12 hours, and the equilibrium serum concentration is established within a week or two. When processed in the body, the substance is transformed into a metabolite, which is characterized by pharmacological activity. Its concentration on average is about a third relative to the starting material.
As indicated in the instructions describing the characteristics of the composition of "carbamazepine", the substance is able to enter into strong bonds with plasma proteins. For a child’s body, the parameter is up to 55%, for adult patients it reaches 80%. In the fluid of the spinal cord, secretions of the salivary glands, the substance is observed in a concentration corresponding to the amount of the substance that has not reacted with plasma proteins. Installed ability to penetrate the placenta. In breast milk, the compound is found in an amount of 25-60% of the plasma content.
Kinetics: how does everything happen?
Regardless of dosage, "Carbamazepine" is transformed with the passage of the liver. The dominant process option is epoxy. One active metabolite and one reaction product are formed that do not affect the human body. A metabolite is also formed in small quantities, which has a very weak effect on the body. There is a possibility of indicating auto-metabolism.
Studies have shown that the half-life of the active compound with a single dose of the drug varies in the range of about 36 hours, the maximum border is 65 hours. With repeated admission, the period reaches 12-24 hours. If a person undergoes combined treatment with several drugs to increase the threshold of readiness for seizures, the elimination half-life varies about 9-10 hours.
Mostly the drug is excreted in the form of non-active transformation products. Up to a third of the entire dose leaves the body through the intestinal tract, other volumes - with urine. Establishing when, to whom, and from what “Carbamazepine” helps, it was not possible to identify specific kinetic features in the elderly. It has not been possible to collect sufficiently reliable information about the kinetics of the drug in the event that the patients have impaired liver and kidney function.
When will it help?
When are carbamazepine tablets prescribed? Indications for use include epilepsy, partial seizures, which are characterized by different types of symptoms (complex, simple). It can be used in generalized primary, secondary process, with mixed types. Allowed the appointment of funds for idiomatic neuralgia affecting the glossopharyngeal nerve. The medicine is recommended for the treatment of affective disorder, polydipsia. The medication is not effective for polyuria in case of diabetes insipidus. It is recommended to use pills for withdrawal symptoms against the background of alcohol dependence. In the case of diabetes-related polyneuropathy, the drug eases soreness.
The practice of using "carbamazepine" with trigeminal neuralgia is idiopathic in nature. The drug is prescribed if neuralgia is due to multiple sclerosis. You can use the tool as a preventative measure if the probability of an affective disorder is estimated above average. The drug is effective for schizoaffective problems and depressive, manic psychosis.
When and how much?
Although the price of "Carbamazepine" is quite affordable (about a hundred rubles), this is not a reason to be careless about the dosage program of the drug. Do not use the product excessively, as this can cause undesirable consequences. The optimal program of use is chosen by the doctor based on the diagnosis and concomitant diseases. Tablets are used orally, the reception procedure does not depend on meals. It is necessary to drink the drug with a small amount of clean liquid without additives.
They well know what the price of “Carbamazepine” is, people with epilepsy, since with this diagnosis the drug in question is prescribed very often. The drug is recommended to be used independently, if possible. First, the patient is prescribed the minimum dose for a day, gradually the amount is increased, expecting a pronounced effect. If the patient is already undergoing epilepsy therapy, inclusion in the carbamazepine program is allowed only with small doses. Previously used drugs are initially taken in the previous dosages, but if necessary, gradually adjust the volumes.
Specific numbers
Adult patients with epilepsy are first prescribed 0.1-0.2 g per day once or twice a day. The dosage is increased until a therapeutic effect is obtained. As a rule, drinking 0.4 g of the product up to four times daily is sufficient. Do not use the medicine in an amount of more than two grams per day.
For children of three years of age, the drug is prescribed in an amount of 20-60 mg per day. Gradually increase the dosage. Volume adjustment is allowed every two days. The dose increment is 20-60 mg.
For children over the age of three, at first it is recommended to take 0.1 g of the drug for a day with a gradual increase in volume once a week. The dose step is 0.1 g. The maintenance dosage usually varies between 110-120 mg per kilogram of body weight. The daily dose is divided into several doses. For children under the age of five, 0.2-0.4 g, divided into two doses, is sufficient. Children under ten years of age are prescribed up to 0.6 g, divided into three doses, and for people over and up to the age of fifteen, inclusive, it is shown up to a gram per day. Total volumes are divided into three servings.
In the case of trigeminal neuralgia, on the first day of treatment it is shown to take 0.2-0.4 g, then the dose is increased until the pain stops. The dose increment is 0.2 g per day. Typically, patients need only 0.4-0.8 g per day for relief of pain. Having achieved a pronounced effect, the dose is reduced until it is possible to maintain the desired result.
Features and diagnoses
If the reason for the appointment of the drug was neurogenic pain, at first the patient is recommended to take 0.1 g of the drug twice a day, then the dose is increased. The maximum is 0.2 g per day. Volumes increase until you can stop the pain. The maintenance dose varies between 0.2-1.2 g per day.
In the case of old age and high sensitivity of the body, it is recommended to start therapy with 0.1 g twice a day.
In case of alcohol poisoning and withdrawal syndrome, the agent should be used three times daily, 0.2 g each. In severe cases, it is allowed to take 0.4 g three times daily in the first days. If withdrawal symptoms show severe symptoms at the beginning of therapy, “Carbamazepine” is combined with sedative, hypnotics .
In diabetes insipidus, carbamazepine is usually prescribed in an amount of 0.2 g up to three times daily. Children are shown lower doses calculated by the doctor based on weight. If diabetes has caused neuropathy and soreness, on average it is enough to take 0.2 g up to four times a day. To prevent exacerbation of an affective disorder, schizoaffective psychosis is prescribed to use 0.6 g of the drug four times a day.
If an acute manic condition, bipolar disorder is diagnosed, the patient should use 0.4-1.6 g of the drug per day. In acute condition, it is necessary to quickly increase the dosage. As part of maintenance treatment, volumes increase gradually, so that the substance is better tolerated by the body.
Adverse Events
Side effects of carbamazepine include a number of reactions from the central nervous system. Some have headaches and dizzy, drawn to sleep. Sometimes patients report weakness, tremors and paresis, dyskinesia and muscle weakness. There is a likelihood of neuritis, dysarthria, tic, nystagmus. It is noted that some hallucinated, were depressed, lost their appetite, worried and became aggressive during treatment. There is a possibility of disorientation, exacerbation of psychosis, excessive excitement.
Side effects of carbamazepine include an allergic reaction. There is a likelihood of developing increased sensitivity from several internal organs at once. In a minimal percentage case, the drug provoked aseptic meningitis, anaphylactic response, Quincke's edema, shortness of breath and fever, pneumonia. Perhaps a negative effect on the hematopoietic system, worsening stool, gastrointestinal activity. Some people dry their mouths, stomach aches, and inflammation develops on the tongue. The activity of liver enzymes may increase. There is a risk of heart failure, thrombophlebitis, collapse, fainting. In case of ischemia, there is a danger of exacerbation of the condition.
Is it possible or not?
As can be seen from the instructions, for taking carbamazepine tablets, contraindications are hypersensitivity to the active component of the drug, as well as to other drugs with similar chemical qualities. For example, tricyclic antidepressants belong to this category. You can not use the composition if you are allergic to auxiliary ingredients. The substance is not used against the background of porphyria in acute form. "Carbamazepine" is contraindicated for persons taking the MAOI, as well as those who completed such a course less than two weeks ago. "Carbamazepine" is prohibited for those who have impaired hematopoietic bone marrow function, atrioventricular block is established. The drug is not prescribed for pregnant and lactating women.
Extremely carefully, you need to use "Carbamazepine" in case of a lack of sodium, if the hematopoietic function of the bone marrow was previously inhibited under the influence of drugs. With caution, the drug is used if an elderly person. Limitations are associated with prostate hyperplasia often encountered in such patients, severe heart failure, impaired kidney and liver function. In case of increased pressure inside the eye, "Carbamazepine" is used only when possible to regularly check the patient's condition.
Is there an alternative?
To analogues of tablets "Carbamazepine" include drugs:
The choice in favor of a specific name must be agreed with the attending physician. Self-replacing the drug with an alternative is strictly not recommended. .
Features of use
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