Throat papilloma. This is a fairly common complaint that patients make to the otolaryngologist. This pathological formation in the form of a papilla on the mucous membrane of the throat causes severe discomfort.
Rarely there is multiple growth, as a rule, education is found in a single version.
First signs
It extends to the lips, tonsils, trachea. A person infected with papilloma may complain of the following symptoms:
- difficulty swallowing;
- severe sore throat;
- discomfort due to a foreign body sensation.
If you do not take measures, the papillomas will begin to grow and complications will arise in the form of rapid, labored breathing. Papilloma in the throat is soft or hard. The former have a more tender stroma, many vessels, they are covered with an epithelial layer. Solid formations with flat epithelium can occur both on the mucous membrane and on the skin.
Causes of occurrence
In the throat of a papilloma is an education of a benign nature. Most of the disease affects children from 2 to 5 years old and women from 20 to 40 years old. The main reason for the appearance is the human papillomavirus (HPV), mainly due to non-compliance with personal hygiene. It is important to understand that if a pregnant woman is infected with the virus, she will pass it on even to an unborn baby. There is no way to completely cure the disease in medicine, but it will not be difficult to control it.
Also, the causes that caused the ailment can be:
- infectious childhood diseases;
- chronic diseases;
- smoking, drugs;
- promiscuous and unprotected sex;
- infectious pathologies;
- unbalanced diet.
Frequent visits to swimming pools, public saunas and baths can lead to the appearance of papillomas. If the dimensions are too large, this can cause strangulation.
Congenital and acquired papilloma
Growths can be congenital if, during the period of bearing a child, a woman suffered an infectious disease:
- rubella;
- viral hepatitis;
- measles;
- mycoplamosis;
- chlamydia
- HIV
- syphilis.
And also if the pregnant woman was exposed to radiation or took embryotoxic drugs.
The virus can enter the body of a child after birth or in an adult with a weak immune system, the presence of some infectious and chronic diseases. The effects of tobacco smoke and poor working conditions, voice loads are also negatively affected.
Treatment and diagnosis
To establish an accurate diagnosis, a visual examination in the doctor’s office is enough. The neoplasm is covered with a mucous membrane and develops rather slowly, without particularly disturbing the patient. You can confuse a papilloma with enlarged tonsils. A biopsy with this virus is not required.
A good result can be achieved only from timely and comprehensive treatment. Removal of growths in the mouth is a mandatory procedure that is performed at the first stage of treatment. It will not be possible to cope with the drug medically, only surgical measures will be required. Even one such tumor can grow throughout the body. At home, you should not even try to cope with an ailment. Only a specialist with experience should do this.
Drugs for treatment
To combat the virus and prevent its proliferation, the following drugs are prescribed:
- Interferon
- "Famvir";
- Cycloferon;
- "Acyclovir";
- Ribavirin
- Panavir
- Amiksin;
- immunomodulatory agents.
Treatment with alternative methods can become dangerous and lead to unforeseen consequences. Agents such as potassium iodide, arsenic, and burnt magnesia do not affect the virus.
There are two types of surgical treatment:
- extra-throat;
- intraoralny.
The first is carried out in more severe cases, if there is a risk of asphyxiation. When a person cannot breathe, a tracheotomy or laryngofissure is done. A tracheotomy is performed when the question is not only about recovery, but also the patient’s life.
The procedure for laryngofissuria is necessary to open the larynx well. Papilloma in the throat is removed , if necessary, an epidermal transplant is done and the vocal cord is excised.
Intra-laryngeal treatment involves removing the growth with a special tool using a mirror. Methods for excising viral formation:
- radio wave destruction;
- loop excision;
- electrocoagulation;
- cauterization with special acidic agents;
- ultrasonic disintegration.
Types and methods of treatment
If there is a papilloma in the throat, what should be the treatment? For each patient, individual tactics are selected. The most suitable and safe way is chosen by the doctor:
- Electrodestruction is the most popular and accurate procedure. The risk of damage to neighboring tissues is zero, the growth is eliminated with a scalpel and through electric current.
- Cryodestruction is carried out with liquid nitrogen. This process is very painless, safe, but does not completely remove the virus. There is a chance of damage to adjacent tissues.
- Papillomas are removed with a laser, bleeding stops. The growths are small and large.
Papilloma in children
An urgent problem today is papilloma in the throat of a child under the age of 7-10 years. Each type of virus manifests itself differently in the human body, it may not make itself felt for a long time, but any change (color, size) should alert, because it poses a serious threat to life.
In children, the disease is called laryngeal papillomatosis, it grows very quickly. Inflammation causes severe edema, which quickly overtakes the vocal cords. This can lead to complete loss of voice and bouts of difficulty breathing. In young children, the symptoms are pronounced, and the disease is much more severe.
Complications can be expressed by the growth of the virus into the tonsils. Determining them is quite simple by external inspection. Education looks like a soft, mobile, uniform color structure. Papilloma in the throat differs from the color of tonsils, photos show us its pink or white color.
Papilloma and tonsils
Papilloma in the throat (the symptoms of which we will now describe), located on the tonsil, is recognized by the following signs:
- tickle;
- coughing
- pain extending to the neck, submandibular part.
After diagnosis, the presence of stenosis and the degree of narrowing of the glottis are checked. With excessive coughing, the growth can separate on its own and, in the worst case, get into the trachea. What is dangerous by blockage of the lumen and suffocation. With frequent relapses, constant surgical intervention is required, and the resulting scars gradually reduce the clearance.
In young children, the papilloma in the throat extends to the lungs and bronchi. It is important that the survey is conducted by a specialist with experience. Papillomatosis can be confused with tuberculosis, diphtheria and inflammatory processes of the respiratory system.
Where does the virus come from?
Often sick children who go to kindergarten, preschool, school and sports sections. Pools, baths are also the focus of the spread of viral infection. The more contacts a child has in conditions of high humidity, the greater the chances of getting a papilloma. HPV enters the body if children bite their nails, burrs and rarely wash their hands.
From the moment of infection to before it appears in the throat of a papilloma, it can take a lot of time from several weeks to several years. Basically, the first signs are observed after six months.
Opinions of experts regarding the treatment of childhood papillomatosis differ. Some say that education should not be touched, but you need to carefully monitor its development, increase in the size and number of growths. And excision is required only for multiple growths. Other doctors claim that it is necessary to eliminate the tumor immediately after its discovery.
The need for immediate intervention is explained by the fact that papillomas are easily injured, which can cause bleeding. With single growths, conservative treatment is recommended, which consists in taking immunomodulators and vitamins.