What are intestinal cinemas? You will find the answer to this difficult question in the materials of this article. We will also tell you how to get rid of these unpleasant guests.
basic information
Enteric Acid, whose photo you can see in this article, is a roundworm. There are several dozen species of such parasites. Most of them are safe for humans, but there are those that cause serious infections.
Parasite features
Intestinal acne, the life cycle of which begins as soon as a person is infected with their larvae, can cause the development of a disease such as strongyloidosis. This is a parasitic disease. It should be treated immediately after diagnosis.
Intestinal acinens are able to live and multiply in the human body for decades without causing any symptoms. However, it should be noted that such parasites pose a threat to the lives of those who have reduced immunity.
Spread
Strongyloidosis is quite common in countries with subtropical and tropical climates. In endemic areas, intestinal cinnamon can affect up to 40% of the population. According to estimates, about 100-180 million people in 70 countries of the world are infected with this parasitic disease.
It should be noted that strongyloidosis is very common in people living in Azerbaijan, Georgia, as well as in western Ukraine, in the Stavropol and Krasnodar Territories, in the Amur Region and Rostov Region.
Infection pathways
Intestinal cicentras, or rather their larvae, can penetrate the human body even through intact skin (for example, when walking barefoot or in the process of other contact with the ground).
The symptoms of strongyloidosis can be accompanied by itching and reflect not only the process of penetration of the larvae, but also the very stay of the worms inside the human body, where they are quite quickly carried by the blood stream to organs and blood vessels, as a result of which they end up in the intestines. The most common manifestations of this invasion are loose and watery stools, an urticarial rash on the skin, and severe abdominal pain.
Intestinal acne: morphology and life cycle
Cinnamon is a small filamentous nematode. The female of this parasite often reaches a length of just over 2 mm. As for the male, it is much smaller (about 0.7 mm).
Near the mouth of the worm there are so-called lips. The tail of the female has a slight thickening. Under favorable conditions, it lays eggs, the sizes of which reach 30-58 microns. Such larvae have a shell with a sufficiently high strength.
What is intestinal acne? The structure of this parasite resembles that of an ordinary roundworm.
The life cycle of the helminth in question is very complex. It combines the replacement of free-living generations of blackheads with parasitic ones. The first live in the soil. Females lay a large number of eggs, and after a while, rhabditoid larvae emerge from them. Being in the earth, they feed on substances of organic nature.
Under adverse conditions, such parasites are not invasive. They are transformed into a filar form, and subsequently can cause infection with strongyloidosis.
Fertilization of intestinal acne in a living organism occurs in the trachea or bronchi. After this process is completed, the roundworm reaches the pharynx through the respiratory tract and is then swallowed along with saliva, sputum or food. As a result of this, the parasite gets to the intestines, where, in fact, the laying of eggs takes place. After some time, the rhabditoid larvae emerge from the latter. Usually they leave the human body with feces. Although in some cases, such parasites do not go outside. As a result, they are converted into a filar form. At this stage, the worm again enters the circulatory system through the walls of the intestine, and then its life cycle repeats. Such a phenomenon can occur with constipation or other causes that prevent emptying for one day or more.
Signs
Now you know the cycle of development of intestinal acne. What symptoms accompany a parasitic disease such as strongyloidosis? The signs of this disease depend on its severity and the individual characteristics of the body.
Strongyloidosis can occur in several forms: asymptomatic autoinfection, acute infection, chronic infection with gastrointestinal tract manifestations, Leffler's syndrome, symptomatic autoinfection, and also hyperinfection syndrome with the spread of helminths throughout the body.
In immunocompromised and weakened individuals, strongyloidosis can quite easily turn into a disseminated form. In this case, the larvae spread throughout the body. This form of the disease is quite difficult, contributing to the development of blood poisoning, meningitis, myocarditis and others.
The main symptoms of strongyloidosis include the following:
- Gastrointestinal manifestations: bloating, epigastric pain, anal itching, diarrhea, nausea, loss of appetite, constipation, weight loss, vomiting.
- Pulmonary manifestations: wheezing in the lungs, shortness of breath, and a slight cough (may be with blood).
- Skin manifestations: rashes on any part of the body in contact with the ground. Such a rash is an oval-shaped pink-red blister that rises above the surface of the skin. They are able to change their size, be accompanied by severe itching and stay on the covers for several hours or days.
- Other manifestations. If the larvae hit the NS, then the patient may experience stiff neck, headaches, signs of meningitis, as well as a coma.
It should also be noted that the spread of helminths throughout the body can contribute to damage to the liver, heart, kidneys, peritoneum, thyroid and pancreas, as well as lymph nodes, prostate and ovaries.
How to diagnose?
Diagnosis of strongyloidosis is a rather complicated process. There is no standard detection of this disease. Very often the diagnosis is made very late or incorrectly. This is due to the fuzziness and nonspecificity of complaints.
In people with a chronic form of the disease, the number of people living inside the parasites is small. In this case, the larvae are constantly secreted along with feces, which greatly complicates the diagnosis.
The following methods allow to identify such a disease:
- enzyme immunoassay ;
- stool microscopy;
- immunofluorescence reaction;
- Bergman's method of microscopy (modified);
- polymerase chain reaction;
- cultural analysis of feces on blood agar;
- aspiration biopsy.
Intestinal acne: treatment
Biological and chemical features of acne do not allow to achieve effective treatment of parasitic disease through the use of medicines in small doses. Larval stages respond rather poorly to therapy. To eliminate such a disease is better in the process of its development.
The most effective drug for treating strongyloidosis is Ivermectin. This tool is ideal for the treatment of chronic and acute forms of the disease, as well as disseminated hyperinfection.
After a two-day course of treatment, the percentage of patients recovering is about 97. However, it should be noted that such a drug is not used for children, since its effect on the child has not been fully studied.
Alternative treatments for parasitic disease are Mebendazole and Aalbendazole. To avoid complications associated with the central nervous system, the last medication should be prescribed only by an experienced doctor in combination with glucocorticoids and anticonvulsants.
Rehabilitation of patients after treatment is achieved within one year. With a longer course of invasion, during which a person has developed dystrophic changes in the gastrointestinal mucosa, the patient may need to take enzymatic and general strengthening agents.