"Tranexam" is a drug that is used to prevent and stop bleeding of various origins. It is produced in the form of an injection solution and tablets. The main active ingredient in Tranexam is tranexamic acid.
Description of the drug
The drug has a general and local hemostatic effect in case of bleeding due to an increase in fibrinolysis (menorrhagia, platelet pathology).
Tranexamic acid in the preparation is additionally characterized by significant antitumor, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic actions, which are based on the suppression of active peptides involved in various allergic reactions and inflammations.
Such properties of the drug, as anti-allergic, are important in the treatment of complications during pregnancy, which manifest themselves in the form of bleeding, since one of the ways they occur is activation of the immune system (autoimmune reaction). Indications "Tranexam" are described in detail in the instructions.
Clinical studies confirm the analgesic activity of tranexamic acid, as well as the enhancing effect on the analgesic activity of opioid type analgesics.
Tranexam tablets at standard dosages (from 0.5 to 2 grams) are absorbed by 30-50%. The highest blood levels within 1-3 hours. Binding to plasma proteins is below 3%. The concentration of the active component in the tissues, expressed clinically, is observed after 17 hours. The drug is excreted by the kidneys. If their functioning is impaired, tranexamic acid can accumulate in the body.
Detailed instructions for their use and dosage features are discussed below.
The specificity of the drug is pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
According to the instructions for Tranexam, the active substance of this drug acts according to this mechanism: acid in a special way affects the activation of plasminogen, deactivates it and does not allow transformation into plasmin. Systemically topically hemostatically affects bleeding due to increased fibrinolysis (menorrhagia, platelet pathology). Due to the inhibition of the production of active proteins and kinins involved in allergic reactions, it produces anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects.
When ingested, up to 50% of the drug is absorbed, the maximum concentration is observed after three hours. Penetrates through the placental barrier, binds to plasma proteins, excreted in the milk of women in a content of 1%. It acts in tissues for 17 hours, in plasma - about 7-8. If the functioning of the kidneys is impaired, the accumulation of the active substance is possible. The introduction of the drug intravenously confirms its analgesic activity.
Indications for the use of this medication
The indications of Tranexam are:
- Bleeding with increased local fibrinolysis (gastrointestinal bleeding, nasal, uterine, after conization of the uterine neck, prostatectomy, hematuria, tooth extraction).
- Surgical interventions for inflammatory systemic reactions (shock of various origins, pancreatic necrosis, peritonitis, sepsis and other critical situations).
- Bleeding with an increase in generalized fibrinolysis (neoplasms of the prostate gland of a malignant nature, pancreas, surgical intervention on the chest organs, bleeding after childbirth).
- Bleeding during pregnancy.
- The risk of bleeding in liver pathologies and leukemia.
- Genetic angioedema.
- As an antiallergic agent for Quincke's edema and eczema.
- As an anti-inflammatory drug for aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis and stomatitis.
Instructions for use with Tranexam are presented below.
Instructions for use and dosage of the drug
The duration of treatment and dosage are determined by the stage and type of disease. There are such recommendations in general:
- Dosages and use of Tranexam tablets:
A single dose is from 1 to 1.5 grams, the multiplicity is 2-3 times a day, the treatment lasts 3-15 days.
If the patient has repeated nosebleeds, one gram three times a day for a week.
After tooth extraction, patients with coagulopathy are prescribed 25 milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day 3-4 times from 6 to 8 days.
Profuse uterine bleeding - from 1 to 1.5 grams 3-4 times a day for 3-4 days.
With bleeding during pregnancy - until the bleeding is completely stopped, from 250 to 500 mg per day 3-4 times, the average duration of the treatment course is a week.
After surgery on the uterine neck - three times a day and a half grams for 12-14 days.
In case of genetic angioedema, the dosage of Tranexam is from 1 to 1.5 grams per day 2-3 times continuously or by courses under medical supervision.
With bleeding accompanying von Willebrand disease and other coagulopathies - from 1 to 1.5 grams per day 3-4 times. The duration of treatment is 3-10 days.
- Solution for administration intravenously (by stream, drip). Injections.
In generalized fibrinolysis in a single dose, 15 mg per kg of body weight is administered every 6-8 hours at a rate of one milliliter per minute.
When fibrinolysin is enhanced locally, from 250 to 500 mg per day is administered 2-3 times.
With surgery on the bladder and prostatectomy, one gram is administered during the operation, after which every eight hours one gram for three days, then they switch to taking pills until the macrohematuria disappears.
Before tooth extraction, patients with impaired blood coagulability are given a dosage of 10 mg per kg, then an oral administration of a tablet variety of the drug is prescribed.
The instruction for Tranexam is very detailed.
Specifics of the use of this drug
If the patient has renal dysfunction, the dosage should be recalculated, taking into account the creatinine content in the blood.
"Tranexam" during pregnancy is prescribed as part of a comprehensive treatment (can be used in the early stages) with other drugs. The specialist is obliged to control the values of the coagulogram of a woman.
Before starting therapy, the patient is examined by an ophthalmologist, where visual acuity, fundus and color perception are checked.
Pharmaceutically, Tranexam cannot be combined according to the instructions with solutions that contain hypertensive substances, urokinase, tetracyclines, penicillin, diazepam and dipyridamole.
Drug overdose
Analogs "Traneksama" should choose a doctor. If the patient exceeds the correct dose or rate of administration, the drug can cause symptoms of orthostatic hypotension, the appearance of convulsions, abdominal pain, arterial hypotension, dyspeptic symptoms, and an increase in undesirable effects.
Symptomatic treatment is carried out.
Contraindications to the use of the drug
In accordance with the instructions for Tranexam, he has the following contraindications:
- Increased individual sensitivity to the composition of the drug.
- Kidney failure.
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
- DIC syndrome with no significant fibrinolysis activation.
- Defects in the blood supply to the brain.
Side effects of Tranexam
When using injections and tablets, the appearance of such side effects in a patient is possible:
- diarrhea, heartburn, anorexia, nausea;
- drowsiness, color defects, dizziness;
- sternum pain, tachycardia;
- thromboembolism and thrombosis;
- urticaria, epidermal itching and rash.
Certain side effects of the drug, according to experts, appear due to violation of patient instructions for use (time between doses and dosage).
Analogues of this drug
The list of Tranexam analogues according to indications and active substance includes: Trenax; "Hexetidine"; "Tugina"; "Exacil"; Tranestat; Troxaminate "Transamcha."
Despite the fact that the listed drugs are used in the same clinical cases, when replacing with any of these analogues, you should consult a specialist.
Reviews about Tranexam
This drug is especially often prescribed to women when they have uterine bleeding. A lot of discussion of the drug is found in women's blogs and forums. Judging by most reports, it was the treatment with Tranexam that helped to get rid of such a problem quickly and completely.
Often, this drug is prescribed for menstruation. Patients talk about its trouble-free and quick effect, high efficiency. Reviews about the drug during pregnancy show that during therapy it was possible to stop the bleeding and prevent the appearance of serious pathologies.
Of course, there are also negative reviews about Tranexam. For example, one patient says that after transferring to contraceptives, she began to bleed, which did not stop even after using a medication prescribed by a doctor.
It must be remembered that with bleeding it is dangerous to self-medicate. It is important to call an ambulance on time or drive to the clinic yourself.