Parabulbar administration - how is it? A comprehensive answer to the question will be presented in the materials of this article. In addition, we will tell you what the injection is used for, how it is administered and what medicines are used for this.
general information
Parabulbar administration is the administration of an anesthetic or any other drug through the skin to the lower eyelid. Such an injection procedure is most often performed in ophthalmic practice.
Procedure
Parabulbar injection is a rather painful procedure in which the needle is inserted to a depth of about 1 centimeter towards the equator of the eye, that is, into the fiber located around the eyeball. This method of drug administration is used only in urgent cases. It should also be noted that only an experienced ophthalmologist should carry out such a procedure.
In what cases is it used?
Parabulbar administration is a method of administering a drug that is most often used during eye surgery for anesthesia. This method of analgesia of the operated area is carried out by reducing the sensitivity of nerve receptors. As a rule, in such cases, the anesthetist uses a 0.5% solution of lidocaine with hyaluronidase for injection.
Features of the procedure
It should be noted that parabulbar administration is a procedure that is used to administer a drug into the lower eyelid, not only for the analgesic effect, but also for therapeutic purposes. During therapy, such injections are used for inflammation of the anterior and posterior segments of the eye, as well as keratitis, neuroretinitis, iridocyclitis and scleritis.
The presented method of administering a medical device has its own characteristics, namely:
- pain during the procedure;
- limited dose of medication;
- toxicity;
- possible development of necrosis;
- scarring of the injection zone.
One cannot ignore the fact that not so long ago autoradiographic studies showed that, compared to the subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous routes of administration of antibiotic drugs and steroids, parabulbar leads to the highest content of the drug in the vitreous body.
Possible complications
Complications that may well arise with this method of drug administration include the following pathological conditions:
- prolapse of the vitreous body ;
- rupture of the back capsule;
- conjunctival chemosis;
- detachment of zinc cords;
- subconjunctival or retrobulbar hemorrhage;
- prolapse of the iris.
As you can see, parabulbar administration of the drug is far from a safe procedure. In this regard, doctors resort to it only in extreme cases.
Medicines intended for parabulbar administration
There are quite a few drugs that are designed specifically for such a painful administration. But most often an injection with the medication Mildronate is made into the lower eyelid region. This is a synthetic drug that significantly improves the metabolism of tissues and provides them with energy.
As a result of using such a medicine, patients are able to withstand heavy loads, and also recover very quickly after them. Due to such properties, the presented medication is used for:
- physical stress;
- reduced performance;
- thrombosis of the central retinal vein, as well as its branches;
- retinopathies of various origins, including hypertensive and diabetic;
- hemophthalmia;
- retinal hemorrhages of various origins;
- as part of complex therapy for chronic alcoholism (withdrawal syndrome).
Parabulbar introduction of "Mildronate" - how is it? For this procedure, use the drug in the form of a clear, colorless solution. In 1 ml of this product contains about 100 mg of the active ingredient - meldonium. It should also be noted that the drug "Mildronate" goes on sale in ampoules of 5 ml.
Why is it impossible to administer the drug intramuscularly?
In what form to use such a drug should be decided only by an experienced doctor. However, the instructions of this medication clearly indicate that with intramuscular injection, the drug "Mildronate" can not only have an irritating effect, but also lead to the development of local pain and an allergic reaction.
Other methods of drug administration in ophthalmology
Now you know what parabulbar administration of the drug is. However, it should be noted that for some diseases of the organs of vision there is an urgent need to administer the drug directly under the eyeball. To carry out such a procedure, not only parabulbar injection is used. For this introduction, the subconjunctival method is often used. The choice of this or that method remains with the attending physician. Although subconjunctival administration of the drug, compared with parabulbar, is more painful.
As you know, such an injection is made directly under the conjunctiva of the eye. Due to soreness, it is carried out only after preliminary local anesthesia (instillation of a solution of lidocaine or dicaine).