Pelvic fracture is one of the most severe injuries of the musculoskeletal system. This injury is often accompanied by heavy bleeding, damage to internal organs and, accordingly, pain shock. Among people who have had a pelvic fracture, the mortality rate is very high, and many people who managed to survive remain disabled for life.
Most often, a pelvic fracture occurs as a result of squeezing it in the lateral or anteroposterior position. This can happen when hitting or falling from a great height, as well as in accidents. Depending on how the fractures are placed in relation to the pelvic ring, a pelvic fracture is classified into:
- marginal fracture, in this case, the crest, ilium wing are damaged, the awns, as well as the pearl of the sacrum, tailbone and ischium, are torn off;
- a fracture that passes through the pelvic ring and does not violate its continuity: fractures of the ischium or pubic bone, or a fracture of the ischial bone on one side and the pubic on the other;
- a fracture in which there is a violation of the continuity of the ring. It includes joint ruptures, simultaneous fractures of the sciatic and pubic bones, pelvic fractures together with joint ruptures;
- acetabular fracture without dislocation or dislocation of the femoral head, fracture of the acetabulum, as well as other pelvic bones;
- a combined fracture of the pelvis, in which damage occurs to the internal organs of the abdomen, skull, chest, spine and limbs.
Pelvic fracture: treatment and first aid
Upon receipt of this injury, victims primarily complain of pelvic pain. These are serious injuries and in every third case a traumatic shock occurs, and there is heavy bleeding. If a combined fracture has occurred, then the majority of the injured will experience a traumatic shock. When providing first aid, the health care provider should immediately determine the mechanism of injury, which will help to more accurately determine the location of the fracture.
During the first examination, it is necessary to pay attention to the presence of hematomas and abrasions, as well as to possible visible deformation of the pelvis. Palpation must be carried out very carefully, it will help determine the place of greatest pain and the place where the bone displacement occurred.
The patient who received a pelvic pelvis should be asked to urinate, if he is not able to, then you can lower your urine with a rubber catheter. The presence of blood in the urine may indicate damage to the kidneys, bladder or urethra. In all cases, when the bladder ruptures, the victims are not able to urinate on their own. If blood is detected during rectal examination of the rectum, this may indicate its damage.
Treatment of a person who has received this trauma is possible only in a hospital. To begin with, they conduct x-ray and instrumental examination. Also, the patient is given intracranial anesthesia according to Shkolnikov-Selivanov, skeletal traction and treatment on a hammock are done.
Pelvic fracture: consequences
With timely and professional medical care, pelvic fractures heal well. If adjacent tissues were severely damaged when injured, the patient may limp for quite some time, as muscles and ligaments are slowly restored. In case of violation of the nervous tissue, chronic pain, damage to some joints and sexual dysfunction can occur.
conclusions
Fracture of the pelvis is difficult to initial diagnosis, as usually the victim is in serious condition and may have other injuries. With this injury, transport immobilization is necessary, which will not allow additional displacement of fragments, as well as shock and bleeding. A person who has a pelvic fracture should be urgently hospitalized in a specialized hospital.