How to stop internal bleeding? Emergency First Aid Service

Internal bleeding is a pathological condition in which fluid connective tissue is poured into the natural cavities and spaces of the body. The reasons for its development can be very diverse. Diagnosis of damage to internal organs is difficult due to the absence of specific clinical manifestations. However, first aid should be provided in a timely manner. This is due to the fact that bleeding of internal organs is a danger not only to health, but also to human life. People with suspected spillage of liquid connective tissue are necessarily hospitalized in a hospital where they receive specialized medical care.

Causes

Internal bleeding can occur under the influence of many factors. In most cases, it appears after an injury or on the background of the development of chronic pathologies.

The main causes of internal bleeding:

  • Dumb abdominal injury. In this case, the outflow of fluid connective tissue is usually massive and poses the greatest threat to life. Most often, the liver or spleen is damaged, in isolated cases - the pancreas, mesentery and intestines. In such situations, the score goes for minutes. If nearby people do not know how to stop internal bleeding, the likelihood of a fatal outcome increases significantly.
  • Multiple rib fractures. They are the most common cause of pleural bleeding. Fracture of 1-2 ribs only in isolated cases provokes a complication in the form of an outflow of fluid connective tissue.
  • Traumatic brain injuries. In this case, bleeding is also associated with an extremely high risk to life. This is due to the fact that the skull has a fixed volume, pouring into it even a small amount of liquid connective tissue leads to compression of the brain.
  • Bruises and intraarticular fractures. In such situations, there is no threat to life, but any delay can result in serious complications.
  • Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Often, blood flow in the cavity occurs against the background of the growth of a tumor of a malignant nature, as well as with peptic ulcer, erosive gastritis, Mellory-Weiss syndrome, varicose veins of the esophagus, etc.
  • Gynecological diseases. Most often, bleeding occurs with an ectopic pregnancy and rupture of the ovaries. Often, an outflow occurs after an abortion or against the background of a violation of the integrity of the uterus.

Regardless of the cause of internal bleeding, it is necessary to first assess the amount of lost fluid connective tissue. This is decisive when choosing treatment tactics.

Vessel damage

Classification

Internal bleeding is divided according to:

  • Reason. They can be mechanical (examples described above) or arrosive (arising, for example, against the background of tumor invasion in the tissue).
  • The amount of blood loss. They can be light, medium, heavy, massive, deadly and absolutely deadly. In comparison, in the first case we are talking about a slight loss of up to 500 ml. With a lethal volume of poured blood exceeds 2.5 liters.
  • The nature of vascular damage. Bleeding can be venous, capillary, arterial, mixed and parenchymal.
  • Localization (e.g., gastrointestinal).
  • The place of blood accumulation. It can flow into the cavity or into the thickness of organs.
  • Clinical manifestations. Bleeding can be obvious and hidden.
  • Time of occurrence. An outflow can be primary (appears immediately) or secondary (develops after some time, for example, after receiving an injury).

Doctors during urgent events try to determine the type of bleeding as accurately as possible in order to increase the success of further therapeutic measures.

Clinical manifestations

The pathological condition at the initial stage does not have specific symptoms. What are the signs of internal bleeding immediately after the outflow:

  • General weakness.
  • Pallor of the skin and mucous membranes.
  • Drowsiness.
  • Dizziness.
  • Frequent episodes of intense thirst.
  • Cold sweat production.
  • Darkening in the eyes.
  • Fainting (loss of consciousness does not always occur).

Symptoms depending on the amount of blood loss:

  • Small. In humans, the heart rate rises to about 80 beats per minute, the rate of blood pressure decreases slightly.
  • The average volume. Systolic pressure decreases to 80 mm Hg. Art., the pulse increases to 100 beats per minute, the skin turns pale, the limbs become cold, the patient complains of thirst, nausea, weakness and dizziness.
  • Severe bleeding. The pulse increases to 110 beats per minute, the rhythm of breathing is disturbed, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, apathy, unquenchable thirst, cyanosis appear, sticky and cold sweat is produced.
  • Massive blood loss. The pressure decreases to 60 mm Hg. Art., pulse increases to 160 beats per minute, periodic breathing. The patient raves, his eyes go down, and his eyes become blank. The skin and mucous membranes are pale. Consciousness is often lost.
  • Deadly blood loss. A man falls into a coma. The heart beats with a frequency of 2 to 10 beats per minute. Convulsions, marbled skin, dilated pupils, uncontrolled discharge of urine and feces are observed. In a short time comes agony and death.

With a slight blood loss, symptoms may be absent altogether. Due to this, many patients turn to a medical institution at the stage of pronounced outflow of liquid connective tissue.

Clinical manifestations

First Aid Algorithm

Everyone should know how to stop internal bleeding. In most cases, the life of the victim depends on the timeliness of the provision of first aid. In addition, competent action minimizes the loss of fluid connective tissue.

If you suspect that a person has internal bleeding, you must immediately call an ambulance team. If there is such an opportunity, it is better to deliver the victim to a medical facility by personal transport.

Immediately after calling a doctor or before transporting a person, he needs first aid. What to do with internal bleeding:

  • If the victim received a chest injury, he must be given a half-sitting position. Under his feet he needs to put a small roller.
  • If blood is poured into the abdominal cavity, the patient must be laid on a solid and mandatory flat surface. If vomiting occurs, the victim must be turned on its side.
  • It is recommended to apply cold to the area of ​​suspected bleeding. This not only helps stop the outflow, but also significantly reduces the severity of pain.
  • The victim should be in the fresh air. If it is indoors, you need to open all the windows. The victim’s neck and chest must be removed from clothing.

Do not let the patient talk and move. This will provoke even greater blood loss. Nothing more needs to be done with the injured. The next step is only specialized medical care. As a rule, initiative only worsens a person’s condition.

What is first aid for injuries? In practice, sometimes a person is diagnosed with not only internal bleeding, but also a clear violation of the integrity of the tissues. What is first aid for injuries? It is necessary to apply a pressure dressing on the pathology site and give the person the most optimal position for the injury. Rinse the gaping cavity with water and medications is strictly prohibited. It is also impossible to straighten fabrics and remove foreign objects.

Internal bleeding

Invalid actions

It is forbidden to deviate from the above first aid algorithm for internal bleeding. But in practice, people sometimes make the following mistakes:

  • Medicines are offered to the victim.
  • Apply a heating pad to the site of the alleged bleeding.
  • Massage zone pouring liquid connective tissue.
  • They give the victim food and drinks.

It is important to remember that these actions are not included in the algorithm of first aid for internal bleeding. They are unacceptable.

Specialized care: stopping bleeding

Diagnostic measures are taken immediately after hospitalization. Based on their results, the doctor concludes the severity of the pathological process.

If blood loss is negligible, in most cases, the body copes with it. To help the defense mechanisms, doctors administer medication to the victim.

Prescribed drugs for internal bleeding:

  • Fibrinolysis Inhibitors Examples of means: "Aminocaproic acid", "Aprotinin", "Thrombin".
  • Etamzilat. Necessary to improve microcirculation.
  • Synthetic analogues of vitamin K.

These are the main ways to stop internal bleeding as part of specialized care. But only on condition that a small amount of liquid connective tissue is lost.

Specialized assistance

Significant blood loss events

In this case, the localization of the focus of pathology is of decisive importance:

  • Pleural cavity. The doctor cuts the chest and stitches the edges of the wound. If necessary, ligation of the vessel is carried out. Mandatory antibiotic therapy is prescribed.
  • Abdomen. An emergency laparotomy is indicated, during which a wound on the internal organ is sutured.
  • Brain. The craniotomy is performed.
  • Gastrointestinal tract. Surgical intervention is indicated, during which the wound edges are sutured on a damaged internal organ.
  • Uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy is indicated. This is a minimally invasive technique that does not involve serious intervention.

Any operation can be supplemented with drug therapy.

Surgical intervention

Cardiac Prevention

With large blood loss, this occurs reflexively. To prevent cardiac arrest, doctors transfuse the victim with donated liquid connective tissue. If the blood of the desired group and Rh factor is not found, the patient is injected with a 5% glucose solution.

Infusion therapy

The goal of treatment is to normalize the blood circulation process. It can be performed both before, during, and after surgery.

In the framework of emergency care for internal bleeding, the following drugs are indicated:

  • Which includes dextran. This component has a hemodynamic effect.
  • Reftan (saline).
  • "Gelatin".
  • Glucose solution.

In order to eliminate anemia, blood preparations are prescribed. If the above medicines did not lead to a positive trend, "Dopamine" is additionally introduced.

Drug Administration

Recovery period

The length of stay in a hospital depends on the amount of blood lost and the complexity of the operation.

The recovery phase includes the following items:

  • Breathing exercises.
  • Ozone Therapy
  • Rectal administration of suppositories with a laxative effect.
  • Droppers with potassium chloride and glucose.
  • Antibiotic therapy.

The entire recovery period, the patient should be in the hospital. This is due to the risk of negative consequences.

Possible complications

Most often, repeated internal bleeding develops. As a rule, this occurs after surgery on large vessels.

Other possible complications:

  • Diarrhea.
  • Bowel obstruction.
  • Infection of internal organs.

If doctors have correctly carried out all treatment measures, the risk of complications is minimized.

Recommendations of specialists

It is important to know not only how internal bleeding is stopped, but also what needs to be done to avoid its re-occurrence.

Doctor's recommendations:

  • Constantly monitor blood pressure and body temperature.
  • Observe bed rest.
  • Do not expose the body to physical activity for six months after the operation.
  • If pain occurs, consult a doctor.
  • Follow the principles of good nutrition.

If you follow these rules, the body will recover much faster.

Recovery period

Finally

Internal bleeding is a condition in which fluid connective tissue is poured into internal organs or into natural cavities. As a rule, the cause is injuries and infectious diseases. Everyone should know how to stop internal bleeding, since when it occurs, it often counts for minutes.


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