Placental polyp is a pathology that occurs due to incomplete removal of placental tissue from the uterus. It is considered by doctors as a precancerous disease, although it is a benign tumor. For the development of the disease, one small piece is enough, on which fibrin and blood begin to overlap. The villi change for the second time (calcification, necrosis). The contractility of the uterus will be reduced, and this means that natural self-cleaning will be disrupted. That is why in the period after abortion and childbirth, sometimes prolonged discharge of blood (blood) from the genital tract is observed. The placental polyp almost always becomes the culprit of the further development of the infection - endometritis. After a while, the uterine mucosa will probably begin to recover, and discharge may also stop. It is even possible to normalize the menstrual cycle. However, one should not be deceived. The remaining placental polyp will not disappear anywhere. New vessels will grow into it. In other words, it will start to grow. The uterus, trying to remove the placental polyp, will contract. And this means that new bleeding will begin, sometimes very profuse. Great blood loss can end in tragedy.
Placental polyp. Symptoms and Clinic
Lingered pieces of the placenta in the second week after birth can cause bleeding. Although usually this happens a little later (in the fourth to fifth week from the date of birth or surgery). Bleeding can be severe and require immediate hospitalization.
If the placental polyp began to develop after a miscarriage, then the blood can last longer than usual. Then the discharge becomes scarce and may even stop for a few days. And then the bleeding opens again, but with greater force (usually in the third or fourth week).
The polyp can be felt through the cervical canal. Painful cramping sensations are possible. With mechanical action (even if it is a light touch), the polyp begins to bleed.
Pain during sexual intercourse and the appearance of secretions with blood after them can indicate the presence of a polyp.
Treatment
Today, gynecology treats polyps quite successfully. When bleeding is not considered menstrual, a woman should be immediately sent to a hospital. After a detailed examination, when confirming the presence of placental polyps, a decision is made about the need for surgery to remove them.
The treatment here is only active - surgical. If the polyp is located in the cervical canal, it is removed by forceps. After this, a thorough curettage of the walls of the uterus is carried out. The same measures are taken with heavy bleeding. With moderate bleeding and if the diagnosis is probable, medication is prescribed. And only with the ineffectiveness of this treatment, curettage is performed. However, with launched placental polyps, a septic infection may occur, then with surgical intervention there is a danger of generalization of the infection. In this case, you must first fight the infection, and only then remove the polyp. It is necessary to remove the polyp with forceps, it is better to refrain from curettage (in order to avoid the development of sepsis).
After removal of the polyp to exclude the presence of chorionepithelioma, histological examinations of scrapings are performed. Hormone therapy is indicated.
The operation can be performed both under local and general anesthesia.
Disease prevention
To prevent the disease, visit a gynecologist at least once every six months. Remember that the cause of placental polyps is most often abortion. Use contraceptives. This will significantly reduce the risk of an unplanned pregnancy, and hence unwanted abortions.