Many modern people are faced with exacerbation of gastritis. This is a manifestation of a chronic disease. With an exacerbation, a certain treatment is required, a diet, because only thanks to the measures taken can one improve his condition and prevent deterioration of well-being.
Causes of exacerbation of the disease
The main factor provoking an exacerbation of gastritis in a chronic form is associated with malnutrition:
- rare and plentiful consumption of food (single or double meals per day);
- poor chewing and dry food;
- abuse of too cold and very hot food;
- the use of low-quality products;
- frequent use of canned and spicy foods that cause irritation of the mucous membrane in the stomach.
Exacerbations additionally cause bad habits, drugs, harmful occupational factors. In the deterioration of the condition, an important role is played by chronic diseases of the digestive system, endocrine, infectious diseases and other pathological conditions.
Experts additionally claim that the development of gastritis involves microorganisms H. pylori. Virulent strains penetrate the mucous barrier and reach epithelial cells. Thus, the epithelium is damaged. As a result of this, an inflammatory reaction develops, defects appear on the surface of the mucous membrane, ulcerations occur. As a result, appropriate treatment for exacerbation of gastritis is required.
General symptoms and classification of the disease
Chronic gastritis, as a rule, is asymptomatic. Signs of a pathological condition occur only during periods of exacerbation. The following syndromes are most characteristic:
- pain
- dyspeptic;
- dyskinetic;
- asthenovegetative.
Pain, as is already understood, is manifested by pain. It is mainly localized in the right hypochondrium, is ulcer-like in nature. Dyspeptic syndrome develops due to a violation of the motor and evacuation functions performed by the stomach. This is manifested by nausea, belching, bitterness in the mouth, heartburn, changes in appetite. To eliminate these symptoms, a special diet is needed for gastritis during the exacerbation period. Dyskinetic syndrome is associated with impaired functioning of the intestine, and asthenovegetative - with irritability, sleep disturbance.
Additional symptoms are sometimes observed, and the above symptoms appear with certain features. It depends on the type of ailment, acid-forming function. One type of disease is chronic gastritis with increased or preserved secretory function. He, in turn, is divided into dyspeptic and painful. Another type of disease is chronic gastritis with decreased secretion of gastric juice.
Signs of gastritis with increased or retained secretory function
Specific signs are inherent in the dyspeptic form of gastritis. Most often they occur when a person abuses alcohol, eats fatty foods or foods with a large amount of carbohydrates in their composition. Due to improper nutrition, belching with a sour taste, heartburn, torments. The appetite due to gastritis is not impaired. In some patients, it is elevated. Pain occurs only after eating. Additionally, there is a burning sensation, heaviness and bursting in the epigastric region. Possible constipation, vomiting, which brings relief.
For the pain form, severe pain syndrome is characteristic. Pain is different. Specialists even created a classification of this symptom in gastritis with increased or preserved secretion. In connection with it, pain is distinguished:
- by nature - spilled, aching and dull;
- by the time of occurrence - morning (before the first meal), early (15–20 minutes after eating), late (2-3 hours after eating), nightly;
- by localization - most often pain is tormented in the right hypochondrium.
Proper nutrition: diet for exacerbation of gastritis
The treatment of aggravated gastritis includes specific drug therapy, but lifestyle and nutrition still play a more important role. To restore the normal functions of their body, patients are advised to abandon alcohol and harmful products (for example, chips, instant noodles). A specific diet is prescribed. It depends on the general condition of the person, the phase of the disease, the secretory function of the stomach.
With gastritis with preserved or increased secretion, the daily diet changes as follows:
- those products that have a stimulating effect on the secretion of gastric juice are deleted from the menu;
- the mechanical effect of food is eliminated (the products are crushed more thoroughly, the food rate is increased and the portions are slightly reduced, that is, it is best to eat often, but little by little).
With exacerbation of gastritis, it is recommended to consult a specialist. The doctor will prescribe a specific diet, determine the duration of its use. The duration of clinical nutrition is an individual parameter. It depends on the course of the disease. As a rule, with an exacerbation of the disease, diet No. 1a is prescribed. In the future, when the condition improves, it will be possible to switch to diet No. 1b, No. 1.
Acquaintance with diet No. 1a
Diet No. 1a is prescribed in the first days of treatment of chronic gastritis at the acute stage. Recommended cooking - boiling food or steaming in semi-liquid and liquid form. They eat dishes exclusively in the form of heat - not in cold and not in hot. The optimum temperature is from 40 to 50 degrees. The most suitable foods and dishes are listed in the table. Of these, you can make a menu for a week with exacerbation of gastritis.
Diet for exacerbation of a chronic disease: table No. 1a| Product group | Suitable products or restrictions | Cooking options |
| Soups | With rice, barley, oatmeal | Mucous decoctions in milk with the addition of the listed cereals are recommended |
| A fish | Low-fat varieties (e.g. zander) | Steam souffle of fish |
| Meat products | Veal, beef, rabbit | Mashed potatoes, steamed meat souffle |
| Cereals | Semolina, rice and buckwheat flour | Dairy or regular liquid cereal |
| Vegetables | Almost any | Vegetables are allowed to be consumed only in a homogenized form, i.e. in the form of baby food |
| Fats | Salt-free butter, well-refined olive oil | Fats are allowed in small amounts to season meals |
| Eggs | No more than 3 or 4 pieces per day | Soft-boiled eggs, steamed omelet |
| Dairy products | Cream, milk | Heated, curd steamed souffle |
| Fruits, Sweet Food | Sugar, honey, non-sour berries and fruits | Milk jelly, jelly, gelatin mousse |
| The drinks | Rose hips, wheat bran, non-sour berries and fruits | Broths of rosehip, wheat bran, juices diluted with sugar and water, weak tea with milk or cream |
Sample one-day menus
Let's start with diet No. 1a, because it is assigned first with exacerbation of gastritis. Breakfast can consist of two products - eggs and milk. Soft boiled eggs. Just a couple of pieces. Milk (1 cup) is just a little warmed up and drunk. During the next snack, it is allowed to drink another 1 cup of milk and 180 g of fruit jelly.
Lunch is more satisfying in this diet. The menu for exacerbation of gastritis includes a slimy soup based on rice and milk (400 g), some meat steamed soufflé. For dessert, use fruit jelly (125 g). Daily snack consists of 2 healthy drinks - a glass of milk and a glass of broth of wild rose. For dinner, boil 1 soft-boiled egg and porridge from semolina in milk (300 g). Shortly before bedtime, they drink a glass of milk.
After 1-2 weeks of nutrition, taking into account the conditions of diet No. 1a, they switch to another table No. 1b. Its purpose is to moderate sparing of the digestive system. An approximate one-day meal demonstrating what is eaten with exacerbation of gastritis may be as follows:
- for the main breakfast - cutlets with milk sauce made from meat and steamed (110 g), mashed porridge, cooked from buckwheat and milk (200 g) and 1 cup of milk;
- for the next snack - 1 cup of fruit jelly;
- for lunch - mashed rice and milk-based soup (400 g), some meat steamed meatballs and fruit jelly as a dessert (125 g);
- for a daytime snack - 1 cup of wild rose broth, a few crackers (100 g);
- for dinner - fish fillet cutlets with sunflower oil (115 g), fruit jelly (180 g);
- before going to bed - 1 cup of milk.
Prohibited Products
With gastritis with preserved and increased secretion, you can not eat some foods. It is worth noting that their doctors forbid eating not only during exacerbations, but also during remissions (for a long time). The list includes those foods and dishes that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice. So, from the menu with exacerbation of gastritis and in the future with remission, it is obligatory to delete:
- fatty soups;
- fatty meats and poultry;
- fatty sausages, fish products, stew;
- strong meat and fish broths;
- okroshka;
- smoked sausages and fish products;
- canned foods;
- marinades;
- carbonated and alcoholic drinks, coffee, cocoa, kvass.
Chronic gastritis with decreased secretion of gastric juice
With this type of disease, pain can also be observed. However, some features are inherent in it. In most cases, pain is not felt. Why is this symptom not present with this type of disease, but is it characteristic of the gastritis described above? The fact is that with an ailment with increased or normal secretion of pain, they are caused by high secretory activity.
But there are exceptions. With gastritis with reduced secretory function, there are still sometimes pains. By nature, they are dull, aching, worse after eating. In order not to feel pain, people often refuse meals. Unpleasant sensations do not have a specific localization. There is no specific time for the onset of pain either. Basically, they begin to be felt somewhere in half an hour or 1 hour after eating. The severity of pain depends on the quality and quantity of food eaten.
Dyspeptic syndrome with gastritis with reduced secretory function is manifested by the following symptoms:
- a feeling of heaviness, fullness, or bursting in the epigastric region;
- bad breath;
- burping rotten food;
- bad taste in the mouth;
- nausea
- salivation;
- decreased appetite.
For dyskinetic syndrome, an alternation of diarrhea and constipation is characteristic. Patients also complain of flatulence. This unpleasant symptom appears due to the rapid movement of food masses along the gastrointestinal tract.
Features of diet
With exacerbation of gastritis of the stomach with secretory insufficiency, special nutrition is also required. Experts advise to observe a chemically and mechanically sparing diet enriched with vitamins and proteins for a week (or a little longer). She has several goals. Firstly, a diet with exacerbation of gastritis prevents the appearance of pathological changes on the mucous membrane lining the stomach. Secondly, therapeutic nutrition restores the secretory activity of gastric gland cells.
With gastritis, the work of other internal organs is evaluated. With a tendency to diarrhea, diet No. 4b is prescribed, and a little later - diet No. 4c. If signs of damage to the pancreas, liver, gall bladder are observed, then diet No. 5a or diet No. 4b is necessary with a further transition to diet No. 4c or No. 5.
General features of drug treatment
Is it possible to independently choose a medicine for exacerbation of gastritis? Regarding drug therapy, you must definitely talk with your doctor. There is no miracle cure that could relieve any gastritis. Drugs are selected taking into account the acidity of the gastric juice, the presence of other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract.
So, one of the drugs is Almagel in a bottle in the form of a suspension for oral administration. Among his indications are gastritis with increased and normal secretion during exacerbation. "Almagel" refers to antacids. It protects the gastric mucosa from the negative effects of digestive juice. Once in the body, the drug neutralizes free hydrochloric acid, does not provoke secondary hypersecretion of gastric juice.
To treat chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency, doctors prescribe:
- substitution therapy agents (hydrochloric acid, preparations of natural gastric juice, drugs with pancreatic enzymes);
- agents serving as a stimulant of hydrochloric acid secretion (Plantaglucid).
In this case, experts pay attention to the fact that substitution therapy can not be taken with exacerbation. Such drugs are used only in periods of remission and in the absence of erosion. And another important nuance - with gastritis with insufficient secretion of gastric juice, you cannot drink anticholinergic drugs and medicines that contain belladonna in order to eliminate the pain syndrome. These funds further reduce the secretion of digestive enzymes and hydrochloric acid.
Chronic gastritis in the acute stage is a condition that requires a visit to the doctor. Only a specialist can make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the right treatment, which will really benefit, relieve unpleasant symptoms and at the same time do no harm to health.