Almost everyone has experienced a symptom such as bleeding. This condition is observed after invasive procedures (sampling tests, injections), with cuts. In these cases, drops of blood come out of the site of damage. This occurs due to trauma to the vessels of the skin or mucous membranes. Blood stops quickly, and pronounced changes in hemodynamics are not observed. Nevertheless, there are a number of diseases, due to which the integrity of the vessels is restored with difficulty. Moreover, even capillary bleeding is difficult to stop. An example is pathology - hemophilia that occurs due to a violation of the coagulation system of the body. Normally, capillary bleeding is not considered a serious pathological process. In most cases, outside assistance for their relief is not required.
What is capillary bleeding?
Bleeding occurs due to destruction of the vessel wall. It can be arterial, venous, capillary. The latter - occurs due to various injuries of the small vessels of the body. The signs of capillary bleeding are familiar to everyone. They are observed with shallow cuts, falls (often in children), combs, etc. Most often, capillary bleeding stops on its own. Nevertheless, in some cases it is difficult to stop it due to clotting or trauma to several small vessels. In such situations, you need to take action yourself or call an ambulance.
Causes of Capillary Bleeding
Signs of capillary bleeding are known not only to adults, but also to children. After all, most often it is the babies who face a similar symptom. Despite parental control, each child at least once fell on his knees or palms, resulting in capillary bleeding. In addition to injuries, there are other causes of this symptom. Among them:
- Pricked wounds. In most cases, they arise as a result of medical manipulations. Among them are vaccinations, injections, finger blood sampling and dental procedures. In domestic conditions, such wounds can be obtained during sewing.
- Cuts. Occur at home quite often. The main reasons are shaving and cooking.
- Increased intracranial pressure. Often this condition leads to nosebleeds.
- Pregnancy. It is known that during this period the capillary wall becomes more fragile. Therefore, when emptying the nasal passages, pregnant women may experience slight bleeding.
In addition, a similar symptom occurs in people suffering from vascular diseases. These pathologies include thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhagic vasculitis, hemophilia, leukemia, etc. In these cases, the help of a doctor is necessary even with minor injury.
Symptoms of capillary bleeding
The main signs of capillary bleeding include local manifestations of trauma. They include minor soreness in the area of damage, a violation of the integrity of the skin. The main symptom is the exit of blood from the wound. It has a red color - the middle between the scarlet shade and the burgundy. Unlike damage to arteries and veins, a stream of blood does not come out under too high or low pressure. Vascular pulsation is not observed. Other signs of capillary bleeding are the unexpressed intensity of the outpouring of the biological fluid, as well as its release over the entire wound surface. In addition to a violation of the integrity of the skin, a symptom is also observed with damage to the mucous membranes. Most often, capillary bleeding from the nasal cavity occurs. It can occur due to shock, increased intracranial pressure. Also, a similar symptom is often found in vascular pathologies - vasculitis. Signs of capillary bleeding from the nose are the red color of the biological fluid and the small pressure of the stream. Most often, the symptom goes away on its own and hospitalization is not required.
Diagnosis of external capillary bleeding
As you know, bleeding can be external and internal. In the first case, the symptom is not so dangerous, as it is diagnosed in the first minutes. Identifying internal bleeding is more difficult. After all, no visible damage is observed. External signs of capillary bleeding are immediately noticeable. They are the same, regardless of the location of the damaged vessels. External signs include the red color of the blood, and its spread throughout the wound. Unlike damage to arteries, pulsation is not observed. The intensity of the outpouring of blood is low. However, with damage to the veins, it is lower. If bleeding occurs from the vessels of the skin, then on its surface you can notice abrasions, wounds or traces of scratching. Hemodynamic disorders in most cases do not occur.
How to recognize internal bleeding from capillaries?
Signs of capillary bleeding from internal organs are more difficult to recognize. After all, biological fluid does not flow out, but in the body cavity. Internal bleeding includes gastrointestinal, uterine, etc. The causes of such symptoms are organ injuries (physical and chemical effects on the mucous membrane), inflammatory and infectious diseases, and oncological pathologies. In some cases, such bleeding is not diagnosed, as they themselves stop and do not lead to hemodynamic disturbances. Symptoms such as tachycardia, decreased blood pressure, and pallor of the skin are sometimes observed. With capillary bleeding from the stomach, vomiting occurs with an admixture of blood (Mallory-Weiss syndrome). Often this symptom is observed in people who abuse alcohol. When bleeding from the intestines, the stool turns black (melena). In the KLA, anemia and a decrease in the number of red blood cells are observed.
Capillary bleeding: signs and first aid at home
Most often, you can cope with capillary bleeding on your own. Nevertheless, you should not be indifferent to this symptom, as the development of complications is possible. This is especially true in cases where nasal capillary bleeding is repeatedly repeated. Signs and first aid at home:
- Treatment of wounds with antiseptic solution and dressing. In this case, the exit of red blood under low pressure from the skin is a sign.
- Rinsing the wound surface with cold running water. This will help not only stop the bleeding, but also reduce pain.
- Applying a hemostatic sponge for several minutes.
Epistaxis of capillary bleeding: signs and first aid (briefly)
With nosebleeds, the body fluid is poured out in drops or stream. The intensity is low. First aid includes the following activities:
- Plant and reassure the victim, tilt his head slightly forward.
- Press the nose wings against the septum for several minutes.
- Attach ice.
- If the bleeding does not stop, it is worth inserting turundas moistened with a solution of hydrogen peroxide into the nasal passages.
If the listed measures are ineffective, you must call an ambulance.
Help with severe capillary flow
In some cases, even capillary bleeding can lead to serious consequences. The most dangerous of them is hemorrhagic shock. More often this occurs with internal bleeding. In this case, hospitalization is required. Assistance in the hospital is to replenish the BCC, the introduction of hemostatic drugs. These include the medicines “Dicinon”, “Vikasol”, “Aminocaproic acid”.