Papilloma is a benign neoplasm that forms on the skin. Such growths can appear only in a certain place or cover the whole body. Most often, this is a tuberous formation that rises above the surface of the skin. In this case, the color of such a growth can be from brown to dark pink.
It is worth noting that the neoplasm can reach in diameter from 1 millimeter to several centimeters. Experts often call such growths "papillary polyps."
Classification of papillomas
In some cases, papilloma in the anus may appear. This can be caused by many factors. However, the main reason for the growth of the growth is the penetration of the papilloma virus into the human body. His activity is reflected in cellular regulation and activity. As a result of this, pathological proliferation of soft tissues is observed.
At the moment, there are several varieties of papillomas. They are classified by oncogenicity:
- do not have an oncogenic nature;
- papilloma virus, in which there is an insignificant indicator of the risk of developing oncology;
- has an oncogenic nature and can cause cancer.
Most often, papilloma in the anus is a benign neoplasm. Often, individual growths begin to grow together. As a result, tuberous neoplasms are formed, called "islets."
Varieties of anal neoplasms
Papilloma in the anus, the photo of which is presented in many medical guides, may have a certain degree of carcinogenic danger. It is for this reason that doctors classify several types of neoplasms based on their appearance. At the moment, papillomas are distinguished:
- Spiky. The growths in this case are similar to outgrowths with thin bases. In appearance, they can resemble combs.
- Papuloid - these are tuberous growths of dark pink color. Outwardly, such neoplasms resemble warts. Often, such papillomas are formed in the genital area.
- Tumor-like papillomas resemble tumor swelling. This variety is extremely rare.
- Keratotic neoplasms are more like growths with a dry, hardening surface.
Papillomas near the anus can be located individually or form a ring around the anus, or gradually grow with tubercles.
Development reasons
Papilloma in the anus usually occurs due to a virus. It enters the body as a result of a weakened immune system. It is worth noting that after infection, a person for a long time may not even suspect an illness. According to statistics, approximately 70% of the world's population are carriers of this virus. There are a lot of methods of infection. As a rule, a weakening of the immune system and further illness occurs for several reasons:
- Sexually transmitted infection. Studies show that barrier contraception does not protect pathogens from entering the bloodstream.
- Infection during childbirth. Almost every second woman faces such a problem.
- Overwork and lack of sleep. The organism working at the limit is simply not able to resist various viruses.
- Weakening of the nervous system, neurosis, stress.
- Infectious diseases. Even a common cold negatively affects the state of the immune system. In the absence of timely treatment, infection is much faster.
- Improper nutrition, in which there is a deficiency of trace elements and vitamins in the body.
- Bad habits: smoking, drinking alcohol.
- Constant irritation and injury to the skin near the anus.
Signs and manifestations
Papilloma near the anus is an unpleasant phenomenon. However, if the neoplasms are small in size, then the disease may not manifest for a long time and proceed without symptoms. Most often, problems arise in those who have anal sex. In this case, papillomas can reach large sizes, cause discomfort. Among the symptoms of the disease it is worth highlighting:
- pain arising from trauma to the growths during bowel movement;
- blood in the stool;
- with friction on underwear, a small amount of blood is released due to damage by papillomas;
- sensation of a foreign body near the anus or in it;
- persistent itching;
- pain when walking;
- a feeling of moisture in the anus;
- in the acute stage of condylomatosis, moist spots appear on underwear with an unpleasant odor.
Other symptoms
If papilloma is located in the anus, then the patient may feel the presence of a foreign body like a pimple. In such situations, growths appear in the rectum and can be very disturbing.
Constant grazing of neoplasms can lead to infection in the tissues. As a result of this, an inflammatory process can occur, and in the future - serious suppuration. At the same time, papillomas strongly swell, acquire a red color and are very sore. In a patient with such a course of the disease, the body temperature may increase and well-being may worsen.
Diagnosis of ailment
What to do if papillomas appeared in the anus? Treatment of such a disease should begin with a visit to a proctologist. Only a specialist with a narrow profile can make an accurate diagnosis, as well as choose the most effective method of therapy. The main thing is to start treatment in a timely manner. With the formation of growths in the anus or near it, the following diagnostic methods can be carried out:
- Anoscopy is a visual examination of the patient in the area of the anus for the presence of neoplasms.
- Collection of detailed information about symptoms that bother the patient, lifestyle, and the presence of chronic diseases.
- Instrumental coloproctological examination - examination with a microscope with a fairly high resolution. This diagnostic method allows you to determine if the rectum is damaged.
If the above symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor, since such neoplasms can acquire an oncological form.
How to get rid of papillomas in the anus
It is worth noting that the method of treatment of such growths is determined by several specialists: surgeon, immunologist, dermatologist, coloproctologist. In this case, a lot depends on the stage of the disease, the individual characteristics of the patient and the clinical picture as a whole.
Most often, complete removal of papillomas is required by the method of excision or destruction. At the moment, there are several basic methods:
- electrocoagulation;
- cryotherapy;
- laser cutting
- chemical method.
Description of removal methods
Removal of papillomas in the anus is carried out only in a hospital. It is not recommended to carry out any procedures at home. With electrocoagulation, cauterization of neoplasms occurs until a white scab forms. Such a procedure is carried out only under anesthesia. Cauterization is carried out before a third degree burn occurs. It is worth noting that this method is not acceptable if papillomas formed on the mucous membranes of the anus.
During cryotherapy, exposure to cold is carried out. Papillomas in this case are completely frozen out. In terms of localization, this method is inaccurate. In this case, the healing process takes a very long time, and a patch of cotton is applied to the affected area.
Laser removal of papillomas is a virtually painless procedure. Relapses after such therapy are extremely rare.
As for the chemical method, such a procedure is carried out using the drug "Podophylline". This solution acts at the cellular level. The main disadvantage of such therapy is the negative effect on healthy cells. The medicine is applied to the papillomas with a spatula. After this, the treated areas are sprinkled with talc.
Features of removal of papillomas
After removal of the neoplasms, a biopsy is required to conduct a morphological study. This procedure should be carried out regardless of the chosen method of therapy.
When removing papillomas in or near the anus, the doctor tries to minimize injuries to healthy tissues. Indeed, in some cases, the treatment of growths is complicated by heavy bleeding. Many experts insist on the mandatory conduct of electrocoagulation.