Of all the medicines sold by pharmacists, painkillers are most in demand . Such medications can relieve spasm. They eliminate the production of prostaglandins - pathogens of unpleasant sensations. Also, drugs have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Especially often, consumers use non-steroidal painkillers. You can buy them without a special recipe. The task of such funds is to lower the temperature, relieve pain and inflammation. Painkillers for osteochondrosis, injuries and (only some) after surgical interventions are also used. Let's consider in more detail what medications are and what are their features.
Acetylsalicylic acid: a proven adult remedy
This medicine, used as a painkiller, belongs to the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The active substance here is acetylsalicylic acid. This component has a pronounced analgesic and antipyretic effect, it dilutes the blood. Also, the drug has a slight anti-inflammatory effect. Indications for use are fever and various types of pain, heart attack, stroke, ischemia, arterial disease and pathology of the heart valves.
Acetylsalicylic acid-based medicines should not be used by pregnant women in the first and last trimester due to the risk of bleeding. Also, drugs are strictly prohibited for children under 15 years of age. You should not take medication for certain diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. Renal and liver failure, ulcer and erosion of the digestive tract - this is an excuse to refuse to use painkillers containing acetylsalicylic acid. Medicines, which contain the described substance, have the following names:
- The Aspicore.
- "Aspirin".
- CardiASK.
- "Upsarin UPSA" and many others.
In recent years, these drugs are practically not used to treat rheumatism, arthritis, pericarditis.
Metamizole Sodium, or Analgin
A medicine used as a painkiller may have metamizole sodium as its main substance. This compound is a derivative of pyrazolone, it also belongs to the NSAID group. The medication is able to have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Often metamizole sodium is used as part of a lytic mixture for white fever. It is prescribed for rheumatism, arthralgia, pain of a different nature, inflammation, myocardial infarction and thrombosis. This drug, used as a painkiller, is used for tumors, injuries, insect bites, in the postoperative period.
It is contraindicated to use medicines based on sodium metamizole for the suppression of hematopoietic function, liver and kidney failure, anemia, expectant mothers and lactating women. The medicine is available in the form of tablets and injection. Trade Names You May Meet:
- "Analgin."
- "Spazdolzin."
- "Baralgin."
During treatment with metamizole sodium-based products, urine may stain red.
Ibuprofen: a proven active ingredient
Painkillers for children are often required for toothaches, headaches, injuries, otitis media, sprains and bruises. Medications are necessary for children in the period after vaccinations, to stop signs of viral and bacterial infection. The most popular among all formulations is the ibuprofen-based medication. This NSAID is able to inhibit COX 1 and COX 2. The drug reduces vascular permeability, thereby relieving inflammation. The medication after ingestion works almost instantly. It removes the stiffness of movements, eliminates swelling, stops painful sensations of a different nature. Ibuprofen-based painkillers eliminate pain during teething, relieve the condition of children with fever.
Formulations are available in the form of suspensions, suppositories, tablets and injections. Brand Names:
- "Nurofen."
- Advil.
- "Moment".
- Faspik and so on.
Taking these drugs is not recommended for gastric ulcers, hypersensitivity, certain blood pathologies and severe renal failure. Young children (from three months) are prescribed medications in the form of suspension and suppositories.
Ketorolac: a powerful pain reliever
Ketorol medicine and its structural analogues are anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs . They include the active substance ketorolok. It has a strong analgesic effect and has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Such medicines are worse than previous ones to cope with high body temperature, but are still characterized as antipyretic. Ketorolac-based painkillers are prescribed for pain of various origins: trauma, toothache and headache, migraine, arthrosis and arthritis, dislocations, the postoperative period, cancer, and so on.
The active substance has the following names:
- Ketorol.
- Ketanov.
- Ketorolac.
- Ketalgin.
The formulations are available in the form of injections, tablets, funds for external use and eye drops. It is unacceptable to use drugs with high sensitivity, somatic diseases, heart and liver failure, diabetes mellitus, during pregnancy and lactation. You can not combine these medicines with corticosteroid drugs and anticoagulants. There is no proven safety of using these antipyretics in children under 16 years of age.
Paracetamol and its derivatives: well-known drugs
Antipyretic, painkillers, which are often prescribed for young children, is the active substance paracetamol. It has long been used in medicine, including pediatrics, and has proven safety. In the absence of contraindications, it is permissible to use it even in newborn children. Paracetamol-based medicines:
- "Kalpol."
- "Panadol."
- Tsefekon.
- Efferalgan, and so on.
Medicines are available in the form of suppositories, tablets and suspensions. They do an excellent job with pain and lower body temperature. But the formulations do not have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. In this regard, paracetamol-based products are used for various types of pain and fever. Drugs should not be used for impaired liver and kidney function, alcoholism. Tablets are contraindicated in children under 6 years of age. For kids, it is worth choosing candles or syrup.
Diclofenac: an effective anti-inflammatory substance
If you need anti-inflammatory and painkillers, then give preference to drugs based on diclofenac. Their trade names are:
- Ortofen.
- Diclofenacol.
- Dicloran.
- Voltaren and others.
It is unacceptable to take them only for violations of blood formation, in the last trimester of pregnancy and ulcerative inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. In children under 6 years of age, the medication is not used due to the lack of clinical studies. Diclofenac-based drugs are prescribed for pain and febrile syndrome, they effectively relieve symptoms of the common cold, improve well-being. Has a strong anti-inflammatory drug. Therefore, it is recommended for diseases of the joints, neurological pathologies. They also use gynecology. The medication also has an anti-rheumatic and anti-aggregation effect.
Indomethacin: a less popular substance
Often, a person needs painkillers for toothache. These include indomethacin-based drugs. This substance has a pronounced analgesic effect. It is effective for migraines, pains of a neurological and gynecological nature. Also, the medicine has a good anti-inflammatory effect. It is recommended to use the composition for diseases of the joints and tissue injuries, infectious pathologies of ENT organs. Medications will be effective in case of violation of the musculoskeletal system.
Contraindications to the use of drugs based on indomethacin include gastric ulcer, bleeding, some diseases of the organs of vision, pathology of the vestibular apparatus, pregnancy and childhood. Trade names of medicines that you may find in drugstores:
- "Indomethacin."
- "Metindol."
- "Indotard" and others.
Means for oral administration, rectal administration, external use and in the form of eye drops are available.
Naproxen: anti-inflammatory substance with anti-inflammatory effect
Painkillers for headaches and other types of it are the active substance naprxen. This medication relieves inflammation, eases the patient's condition. In a short time, the medicine stops the pain syndrome caused by various reasons. The composition is used for toothache, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, neuralgia, muscle discomfort, female periodic ailments. Naproxen is effective for degenerative diseases of the supporting apparatus. Do not use the composition for renal and liver failure, intolerance to the active substance. It is dangerous to use the medication in children of the first year of life. The following medications are usually well tolerated by adult patients:
- "Nalgesin."
- "Naprxen."
- "Sanaprox".
- "Naprios" and so on.
Nimesulide and preparations based on it
If you need strong painkillers, you can give preference to medicines that include nimesulide. These medicines have the following trade names:
- Nise.
- "Nimesil."
- "Nimika."
- Nemulex and so on.
Medications are non-narcotic analgesics. They quickly and permanently eliminate pain syndrome of different localization. Also, the drug has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Nimesulide-based medicines are used to eliminate febrile syndrome, when drugs with ibuprofen and paracetamol are powerless. Clinical studies have shown this medicine is stronger in action than its predecessors. It is important to remember that Nimesulide and its structural analogues cannot be used for ulcerative lesions of the intestines and stomach, liver failure, drug addiction and alcoholism. Some deviations in the work of the cardiovascular and hematopoietic system should be the reason for replacing the medicine with another composition. An indication for the use of drugs is acute pain.
Oksikama: NSAIDs group
Among all non-steroidal and anti-inflammatory drugs, oxycam drugs can be distinguished. They have different active substances and trade names. Here is some of them:
- lornoxicam (Xefocam, Zornika);
- meloxicam (Movix, Lem);
- piroxicam (“Final gel”, “Kalmopyrol”);
- tenoxicam (Tenikam, Tobitil).
Medications are prescribed for the relief of pain syndromes and the removal of inflammatory processes. Each drug also has an antipyretic effect, the effect of which in one or another case may differ. Before using any of these medicines, you should study the instructions, since all drugs have separate restrictions on use and special instructions.
Features of the use of painkillers and anti-inflammatory compounds
Almost all painkillers are dispensed from pharmacies without medical prescription. But this does not mean that they can be taken thoughtlessly and in unlimited quantities. All painkillers have their own treatment period. To stop the pain, they are taken no longer than five days in a row. If funds are needed to lower the temperature, then it is permissible to use them only for three days. Doctors may prescribe medications for a longer period to relieve inflammation. But at the same time, it is necessary to monitor the functioning of vital organs and monitor the state of the blood. They take painkillers after a strictly defined time. Usually a period of at least 4 hours is set. Some products can not be reused before 6-8 hours. This information is always prescribed from the instructions, carefully read it.
Interesting information on the presented drugs obtained by comparing them
You already know that all painkillers and antipyretic drugs have an anti-inflammatory effect to a greater or lesser extent. Studies have shown which remedy will be more powerful.
According to the analgesic effect, the active substances go in decreasing order:
- ketorolac;
- diclofenac;
- indomethacin;
- naproxen;
- ibuprofen.
Judging by the strength of the anti-inflammatory effect, you can get the following classification:
- indomethacin;
- diclofenac;
- naproxen;
- ibuprofen.
Taking any of these medications can cause bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, vomiting, or nausea. Also, some formulations individually cause an allergic reaction. If during treatment you suddenly feel worse or new symptoms of the disease appear, then do not hesitate. See your doctor as soon as possible. Particularly responsible and careful, you need to approach the use of painkillers for children. It is strictly forbidden to take such formulations for pain in the abdomen of unknown origin. Medications can blur the clinical picture of dangerous pathological conditions. The consequences of this are very unpleasant.
Instead of a conclusion
From the presented article, you could learn about drugs that are used by consumers to anesthetize and relieve inflammation. It is worth remembering that many medications provide exclusively symptomatic treatment. They alleviate the condition of the patient, relieve discomfort and eliminate fever. But at the same time, they have no effect on the cause of the ailment. If you feel unwell, it is advisable to contact the doctors for help. Only a qualified specialist will be able to determine the cause of your illness, and then prescribe the correct treatment. Be healthy and live without pain!