The nasal sinuses are hollow formations in the cranial bones that communicate with the nasal cavity.
A person has the following types of sinuses:
- maxillary (maxillary) - occupies almost the entire body of the bone of the upper jaw
- frontal - located in the frontal bone
- ethmoid labyrinth - sinus formed by ethmoid bone cells
- sphenoid - located in the sphenoid bone
Diseases of the nasal sinuses (sinusitis) are, as a rule, inflammatory in nature and can be localized in one or several appendages.
In the area of the formation of the inflammatory process, sinusitis is divided into sinusitis, frontitis, ethmoiditis, sphenoiditis.
If all sinuses underwent inflammation, they are talking about pansinusitis.
Sinusitis
Usually, maxillary sinus inflammation is triggered by an infection resulting from the action of viruses and bacteria, as well as inflammatory processes that occur in the back upper teeth. With the disease, fluid (pathological secretion) accumulates in the maxillary cavities. A person experiences pressing pain in the sinuses, which intensifies with pressure in the maxillary region.
Treatment of sinusitis is the removal of pathological secretions from the inflamed area and increase immunity. Due to swelling of the nasal mucosa, difficulties may arise in the outflow of infected fluid. To eliminate edema, prescribing drugs are narrowing vessels. In some cases, rinse with a special solution. In special cases, a puncture of the maxillary sinuses is performed.
Frontite
If the frontal sinuses are inflamed, then we are talking about frontal sinusitis. The causes of the disease are the same as with sinusitis. The main symptom is a headache that occurs in the forehead, which is especially worse in the morning. Characteristic purulent discharge comes out of the nose , often the pain moves to the eyes.
With this type of sinus inflammation, the same treatment is prescribed as for the removal of sinusitis. To ensure the best outflow of pathological secretion, vasoconstrictor drugs are used. In difficult cases, craniotomy in the forehead may be necessary to wash the sinuses.
Ethmoiditis
The underlying causes of the disease are those that cause inflammation and other sinuses. An ethmoid labyrinth disease often occurs along with inflammation of other sinuses. The main symptom is a pressing pain in the sinus, severe headache, as well as in the area of the root of the nose and nose.
Treatment, as with other inflammations, is conservative. In advanced cases, a surgical operation is required - a polytomy, as a result of which the anterior part of the middle shell is removed, and even the cells of the ethmoid bone are opened .
Sphenoiditis
Sphenoid sinuses become inflamed in rare cases. The disease is a consequence of infection of the ethmoid labyrinth. Symptoms of sphenoiditis are manifested in the form of headaches of the crown, middle of the head, less often they occur in the back of the head and orbits. When performing rhinoscopy, it is possible to determine the accumulation of separated fluid in the region of the olfactory gap. You can also see flowing purulent stripes on the back of the throat. Inflammation can trap the optic nerve, causing loss of vision.
Treatment, as with sinusitis. Vasoconstrictor drugs help relieve swelling of the mucosa and improve the outflow of sinus pathological secretion. With swollen inflammation, probing and washing of the sinuses with antibiotic solutions is performed. In case of complications, a resection of the back of the middle shell may be prescribed.
For the prevention of sinus infections, timely treatment of diseases that cause sinusitis is necessary. Emphasis should be placed on strengthening the immune system.