Vein thrombosis is manifested by the formation of blood clots (blood clots) in the veins. As a rule, a blood clot in the leg partially or completely clogs the blood vessels, which leads to negative consequences.
Quite often, a disease such as leg vein thrombosis occurs. With it, the veins become clogged, and blood cannot move freely along them. Due to the violation of the outflow of blood, it stagnates with edema and blue skin in the place where a blood clot formed in the leg. In case of separation from the venous wall, thrombosis can lead to blockage of the lumen of the pulmonary artery. In this case, a dangerous disease occurs - thromboembolism.
Inflammation of the veins can also lead to clogging of the veins. Then thrombophlebitis occurs. The main signs of a blood clot in the leg: swelling, pain, fever. Often thrombophlebitis is a consequence of varicose veins in the legs. Diagnosis of thrombosis is based on symptoms and ultrasound examination of the veins, as well as phlebography, MRI.
Thrombophlebitis, in which a blood clot forms in the leg, is treated with medications and drugs that can reduce blood clotting. If the disease is not treated, then a detached blood clot in the leg can enter the heart and blood vessels, which in practice often leads to various serious complications, up to sudden death.
There are several reasons for the formation of blood clots. Thrombosis occurs if, for example, a person does not move for three days or more (for example, after surgery) or is immobilized for a long time (for example, paralyzed patients with a long absence of movement). Also, prolonged dehydration of the body can lead to an increase in blood viscosity. Lack of drinking in hot weather, burns, various infectious diseases can lead to it. Blood clotting disorder can occur due to the presence of oncological diseases of various organs of the human body. Sometimes it can be congenital, that is, acquired in the womb.
To prevent the formation of thrombosis, the main risk factors must be excluded. If there are several risk factors, then in this case, the doctor should prescribe a certain set of drugs and methods that will prevent the development of thrombosis.
Among the risk factors, the following can be distinguished: senile age, overweight, the presence of tumors of various nature, prolonged lack of movement in the legs for three or more days, long trips, long-distance flights, pregnancy and recent birth, diseases and disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Sometimes thrombosis can be asymptomatic or appear immediately at a number of signs. This can be edema in the lower third of the leg (calf), pain during movement, especially when flexing the foot, and increased sensitivity of the skin of the leg.
The treatment of thrombosis depends on factors such as the cause of the disease, age, etc. If the thrombus is firmly attached to the vein wall, then medication is prescribed, and if there is a risk of separation, a thrombectomy (surgical removal of the thrombus) is performed. In the presence of thrombosis, patients should observe bed rest.
The acute form of thrombosis requires immediate surgical intervention, especially for patients with diseases that directly threaten the functionality of the limbs. In other cases, it is advisable to carry out conservative treatment after a complete examination of the patient's health status. The earlier the course of treatment begins, the more effective the result and the less negative consequences and complications after vein disease occur .