Antibacterial drugs, or antibiotics, are such medications that inhibit the reproduction of pathogenic microbes and are able to destroy them. Such substances are synthetic and natural. Natural are found in various medicinal plants, bacteria or fungi. The most famous and common among them are tetracycline, penicillin, streptomycin. They have sufficient effectiveness, but in some cases sometimes their therapeutic properties are not enough. In the treatment of severe and serious diseases, synthetic antibacterial drugs are required, which are produced by pharmaceutical companies.
Antibiotics are available in the form of injections, tablets and syrups. Injections are used for intramuscular injections, for oral administration - tablets. But what if the child is still very small and cannot swallow the pill, and you don’t feel like injecting the crumbs? In this situation, antibacterial medicines in the form of syrups and suspensions come to the rescue. A suspension is a mixture of a powder dissolved in a liquid.
Solid antibacterial substances are crushed in a pharmaceutical factory, they are added flavorings, substances for taste and packaged in bottles. The drugs have different dosages, which is very convenient when you need to calculate how much medication to give the child. If it is very small, the doctor prescribes an antibiotic in the form of a syrup with a small dosage. For older children, the daily dose is greater, for this special dosage forms are also provided. In addition, as a rule, special measured pipettes and spoons are supplied with such medicines, so that parents can accurately measure the amount of suspension.
Drug Overview
Among the most famous and common antibiotics in syrups for children are the following medicines:
- Suprax.
- Amoxicillin.
- Klacid.
- "Pantsef."
- "Azithromycin."
- Cephalexin.
- Macropen.
- "Azitroks".
- Amoxiclav.
These drugs effectively eliminate various infectious diseases in children, but are prescribed only in exceptional situations, since they have many side effects and contraindications. They are used only on the advice of a doctor.
Suprax
It is an antibiotic that is suitable for the treatment of pediatric patients from birth. It is produced in granules for the preparation of syrup for oral administration: small, white or cream color. The granules are dissolved in water, after which a sweet suspension with a strawberry flavor is formed.
Instructions for use with Suprax for children are in each pack. The main active element of this drug is micronized cefixime trihydrate in a dosage of 100 mg. Included with the drug is a 5 ml dosing syringe.
This syrup for children is a semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic of the third generation of an extensive spectrum of exposure. The mechanism of action of the drug is due to the suppression of the synthesis of cell membrane of the pathogen. The main element is resistant to β-lactamases, which are produced by most pathogenic bacteria.
Indications for the appointment of this medication are inflammatory diseases of infectious genesis, provoked by sensitive microorganisms:
- pharyngitis;
- tonsillitis;
- sinusitis;
- acute or chronic bronchitis;
- otitis media;
- infectious pathologies of the urinary tract.
Instructions for use of this syrup with an antibiotic describes the regimen for such a dosage of the drug: for children over 12 years old - 400 mg per day, for 7-10 days. Children under 12 years old - 8 mg / kg body weight 1 time per day.
According to the instructions for use with Suprax for children, the medicine can cause such adverse reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbiosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolitis, leukopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, redness of the skin, fever, eosinophilia.
Contraindication to the prescription of Supraks syrup for children is high sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins.
Amoxicillin
This tool is a medication from the penicillin series antibiotics. It has an extensive spectrum of effects and is considered one of the most popular potent drugs in pediatrics. This tool has a detrimental effect on pathogens and accelerates the healing process of a child with damage to the body by various infections.
The principle of action of the antibiotic in the syrup for children "Amoxicillin" is based on the following properties:
- destruction of pathogenic bacteria;
- increase the protective forces of the child's body;
- fatal effects on salmonella, streptococci, E. coli and staphylococci;
- rapid penetration into the lung tissue, bronchi, circulatory system and urine;
- elimination of bacterial activity in the body of the child;
- anti-inflammatory effect;
- prevention of complications;
- normalization of the general condition.
This product is produced in three forms - capsules, tablets and granules for the preparation of syrup for children. The active ingredient in the drug is amoxicillin trihydrate. Auxiliary components in the syrup are: flavoring (raspberries or strawberries), sucrose, sodium benzoate, sodium saccharinate, sodium citrate, simethicone, guar gum.
The powder is placed in a tube of plastic or dark glass. A measured spoon is attached to the drug in the kit. The granules have a neutral taste and fruity odor.
The medicine "Amoxicillin" in the form of a syrup is intended for children with the development of infectious processes in the respiratory system, in the gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system or on the skin. You can use this antibiotic in the treatment of newborns and infants.
The instructions for use indicate that the minimum course of therapy with this tool is five days.
Indications for its appointment are such pathologies:
- angina;
- peritonitis;
- bronchitis;
- pharyngitis;
- typhoid fever;
- urethritis;
- cystitis;
- laryngitis;
- listeriosis;
- pyelonephritis;
- meningitis;
- sinusitis;
- scarlet fever;
- pneumonia;
- otitis.
As a side reaction, a child may experience vomiting, headache, impaired stool, nervous agitation, and shock.
Contraindications are: renal failure, atopic dermatitis, bleeding disorders, composition intolerance, lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, bronchial asthma, dysbiosis.
Children under 2 years of age are prescribed 20 mg / kg per day. At an older age, the medication is used according to the instructions.
Klacid
This is a syrup for children with an antibiotic. This tool is from the category of macrolides that have a detrimental effect on a wide range of pathogenic microbes. Indications for its appointment are bronchitis, pneumonia, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, folliculitis and erysipelas in children. A distinctive feature of this tool is its high activity against atypical bacteria that cause inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract. In addition, this medicine is highly effective in the treatment of otitis media.
The drug contains the active substance clarithromycin. Klacid syrup is not sold ready-made, so you should cook it yourself. To do this, water is added to the powder, and the bottle is thoroughly shaken.
A single dosage of Klacid syrup for children is calculated individually, based on indicators of body weight - 7.5 mg / kg.
"Pantsef"
It is an antibiotic that is ideal for treating children from birth. It is produced in granules for the preparation of syrup for oral administration. The granules are dissolved in water, after which a sweet suspension is formed.
The main active element of this syrup for children with an antibiotic is micronized cefixime trihydrate.
Which group does the product belong to? The medicine “Pantsef” is a cephalosporin semi-synthetic antibiotic of the third generation of an extensive spectrum of exposure. The mechanism of action of the drug is due to the suppression of the synthesis of cell membrane of the pathogen. The main element is resistant to β-lactamases, which are synthesized by most pathogenic bacteria.
Indications for the use of Pancef syrup for children are inflammatory diseases of infectious origin, provoked by sensitive microbes:
- pharyngitis;
- sinusitis;
- acute or chronic bronchitis;
- otitis media;
- infectious pathologies of the urinary tract.
The “Pantsef” medicine can cause such adverse reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbiosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enterocolenitis, leukemia, , dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, redness of the skin, fever, eosinophilia.
Contraindication to the appointment of this medication is high sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins.
Instructions for use and dosage: for children weighing up to 50 kg 3-9 mg / kg per day orally.
Syrup "Azithromycin"
This antibiotic has the trade name "Azithromycin Ekomed", belongs to the category of macrolides. For the treatment of children, it is available as a powder for the preparation of syrup with a dosage double-sided spoon and a syringe in the kit.
Azithromycin is an active element of this drug, which is a bacteriostatic substance. The mechanism of its action is based on the suppression of protein synthesis of microbial cells. Indications for its use are such pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis media.
The instructions recommend the following dosage regimen for babies from 6 months: 10 mg / kg per day.
The drug “Azithromycin” can cause the following adverse reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminase activity, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbiosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous leukenopenia, pseudomembranous enteropenia, , anemia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, redness of the skin, fever, eosinophilia.
Syrup "Cephalexin"
This is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic with a wide range of therapeutic effects. It has bactericidal properties. The dosage form of this medication for children is a powder for the preparation of sweet syrup. White powder is packed in a bottle of opaque polyethylene with a volume of 150 ml. In the kit there is a measuring spoon, designed for the convenience of dosing syrup.
The suspension contains an active substance - cephalexin, citric acid, sodium cocarboxymethyl cellulose, vanillin, raspberry flavoring, sugar act as additional components.
The instructions for use indicate such a dosage regimen: for children weighing more than 10 kg, 20 ml are prescribed per day.
Indications for prescribing Cephalexin are the following pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis media.
Macropen
This is a macrolide antibiotic, which has a bacteriostatic effect in low doses, and bactericidal in high doses. The principle of its action is based on the suppression of protein production in bacterial cells. The active element is able to bind to subunits of the ribosomal membranes of bacteria.
"Macropen" for children is presented in the form of granules for the preparation of syrups for oral administration: small, orange, without visible impurities, with a light aroma of banana. The powder is packaged in dark glass bottles.
Indications for use of Macropen syrup: exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia, acute otitis media, sinusitis, tonsillopharyngitis, atypical infections of the respiratory organs, prevention and treatment of diphtheria and pertussis, urinary tract diseases, enteritis, and skin diseases.
A single dose of syrup has restrictions on the weight of the child: up to 5 kg - 3.75 ml, 5-10 kg –7.5 ml, 10-15 kg - 10 ml, 15-20 kg –15 ml, 20-30 kg - 22 5 ml.
Azitroks
This antibiotic belongs to the category of macrolides. For the treatment of children, it is available in the form of a powder for the manufacture of syrup. Azithromycin is an active element of this drug, which is a bacteriostatic substance. The mechanism of its action is based on the suppression of protein synthesis of microbial cells. Indications for its use are such pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis media.
Azitrox syrup can cause such adverse reactions: dry mouth, anorexia, dyspeptic disorders, abdominal pain, transient increase in liver transaminases, flatulence, hyperbilirubinemia, gastrointestinal candidiasis, jaundice, glossitis, dysbiosis, stomatitis, pseudomembranous enteropenolitis, , hemolytic type anemia, dizziness, cephalgia, interstitial nephritis, urticaria, redness of the skin, fever, eosinophilia.
The instructions for use indicate that the medication is prescribed for children weighing from 45 kg in a dosage of 500 mg per day for 1 dose for 3 days.
Amoxiclav
The medicine "Amoxiclav" is a combined antibacterial medication, semisynthetic penicillin, which acts on many pathogenic microorganisms, inhibiting the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan - an element that is part of the structure of bacterial walls. A decrease in the production of peptidoglycan causes a decrease in the strength of the cell walls, which subsequently leads to the lysis and destruction of these cells. At the same time, the main substance is sensitive to the effects of beta-lactamases, which destroy it, therefore its antibacterial activity does not apply to microorganisms synthesizing this enzyme. For greater effectiveness, the antibiotic for children in Amoxiclav syrup includes clavulanic acid, an inhibitor of beta-lactamases. It has the property of inactivating beta-lactamases. The relative activity of clavulanic acid to plasmid beta-lactamases has also been proven.
The main indications for prescribing an antibiotic in the form of a syrup for Amoxiclav children are the following pathologies: tonsillitis, peritonitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, typhoid fever, urethritis, cystitis, laryngitis, listeriosis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, sinusitis, scarlet fever, pneumonia, otitis media.
According to the instructions for use, the maximum daily dose of the drug for children is 10 mg / kg body weight.
Side effects in children from taking Amoxiclav in suspension can occur as follows:
- diarrhea;
- vomiting
- dizziness;
- disturbances in the process of the stomach;
- problems in the work of the liver and kidneys, etc.
We reviewed antibiotic preparations in the form of syrups for children. All drugs and dosage should be selected by a doctor. In no case do not self-medicate, you can harm the health of the child.