According to the accompanying documentation, the Kokav vaccine is designed to prevent rabies. The official name for the vaccine is anti-rabies culture, which has undergone a special cleaning and inactivation procedure. The product is concentrated. The vaccine has no international name. The drug is available in the form of a lyophilisate, from which a solution is prepared. Fluid is injected into muscle tissue. Dosage 2.5 IU. The manufacturer supplies solvent to the powder.
What is made of?
The instructions for the Kokav rabies vaccine indicate that in 1 ml of the drug there is an active compound that gives the name the inactivated virus that causes rabies. For the development of the drug used strain "Vnukovo 32". About 2.5 IU per dose of medicine, but not less than this amount.
As an additional component, the manufacturer used albumin 10% - a solution for injection. The preparation contains sucrose and gelatin. The solvent is purified purified water, packed in sealed ampoules. The capacity of one instance is 1 ml.
What does it look like?
In the instructions for the Kokav rabies vaccine, the manufacturer indicates: the hygroscopic substance must be in the ampoule. Normally, the shade of the drug is white. It looks porous.
Kinetics and dynamics
Studies of the kinetics of the active compound have not been organized at this time.
In the instructions for use of the Kokav vaccine, the manufacturer indicates the use in the manufacture of the composition of the rabies virus obtained in the primary cell medium. For this, the renal cell structures of the Syrian hamsters were used. The inactivation process is provided by ultraviolet treatment of the virus. The ultrafiltration technique ensures a high level of purity of the drug. Soon after the injection of the vaccine, the body begins to generate an immune response that protects it from rabies. Induction proceeds in strict accordance with the developed scheme.
When and how to use?
In the instructions for the Kokav rabies vaccine, the manufacturer indicates the use of the drug for immunization. You can carry out such an event for exclusively preventive purposes, you can do therapeutic and prophylactic formulation of the vaccine.
Before use, the powdered contents of the ampoule are dissolved in 1 ml of purified liquid for injective administration. The period of preparation of the solution may not exceed five minutes. The finished product is a completely clear liquid or slightly opalescent. Hue varies to light yellow, possibly a complete lack of color.
The instructions for the anti-rabies vaccine "Kokav" clarifies the need for slow injection of the composition. The fluid is intended strictly for intramuscular administration. Optimal localization is the brachial deltoid muscle. If an injection is given to a child younger than five years of age, an injection can be placed on the femoral anterolateral surface. For the injection, select the upper zone. In the buttocks, the drug is strictly prohibited.
Anti-rabies help
Such events require a comprehensive work with the patient. First you need to treat the wound, abrasion, the area where the infected saliva got, with disinfectants that have a local effect. The next stage is the use of the drug "Kokav". If there are occasions, you can immediately appoint the introduction of AIG. In the instructions for use of the Kokav rabies vaccine, the manufacturer indicates that the time interval between injection of this drug and AIH varies strictly within half an hour.
In many ways, the success of the event is determined by how early the local processing began, how responsibly the manipulations were made. The best option is the immediate use of tools to clean the area. If this is not possible, treat the area as quickly as possible. First, the affected area is thoroughly washed. The duration of ablution can reach a quarter of an hour. For the effectiveness of the process, soap and detergent are used. If there are no such substances, wash the area with running clean water. Further, scratches, areas of saliva, damage are treated with alcohol (70%) or iodine solution (5%).
As soon as the local treatment is completed, you can proceed to therapeutic, preventive immunization activities.
Features of use
In the instructions for use for the Kokav vaccine, the manufacturer, describing the rules for assistance, indicates the need to avoid closing the wound with sutures. Their imposition is possible only in an emergency situation, when a person received very large damage. In this scenario, it is necessary to make several suggestive seams. They are imposed only after careful processing of the area.
Cosmetic indications may be the reason for suturing if facial skin is affected. If the blood vessels are affected, the area can be stabilized with sutures to stop bleeding.
If there is a need for an AIG injection, the drug is administered before suturing. Immediately after the injection, a stabilizing procedure is performed.
Immunization
In the instructions for the Kokav vaccine, the manufacturer draws attention to the need for an injection to anyone who is at risk of rabies virus infection. If contact has occurred with a sick animal, if it has bitten a person, if it is an animal in which rabies is suspected, but not yet confirmed, preventive measures are required. They are obligated to any contacts with wild animals, unidentified, unknown individuals.
Features of the program are selected based on what contact was with the animal, what damage the person received. The simplest option is the absence of wounds, the saliva of an individual did not get on the skin or on the mucous membranes of a person, but it is known that the animal was sick. In this treatment option is not required.
Cases when the use of the drug is indicated
It is possible for saliva to get on the whole skin of a person, and the source was domestic animals or livestock bred on the farm. The same category of injuries includes minor bites of limbs and body, abrasions. After the incident, it is necessary to observe the behavior of the individual for 10 days. If she does not show signs of the disease, treatment is stopped after the third injection. If laboratory tests have been performed that prove the absence of viral infection, treatment is stopped immediately after receiving this information. If it is impossible to observe the animal for 10 days (it died, escaped), it is necessary to undergo a full course of treatment.
Instructions for use "Kokav" in this situation is indicated for immediate use. 1 ml of the drug is administered on the day of injury, on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 30th, 90th day.
It is necessary to pay attention: in this block of rules, cases when a person has suffered damage to the face or head, cervical clot, fingers of limbs, hands are not considered.
Severe cases
It is possible for saliva to get on the mucous membranes, damage to the head, cervical region, parts of the face, fingers of limbs, hands. Genital organs can get hurt. Solitary, numerous deep wounds received in contact with domestic animals or cattle are considered. The same category of injuries includes saliva and wounds caused by carnivorous animals, rodents, and bats. If it is possible to observe an individual for 10 days, then immediately after receiving an injury they begin to use the drug, but stop, making sure that the object was healthy. If it was possible to conduct laboratory tests and establish the absence of viral infection, immediately after determining this fact, treatment is stopped. If observation is not possible, you should enter the tool in accordance with the scheme.
Instructions for use "Kokav" is indicated to be administered on the day of receipt of the wound in combination with AIH. A second injection is done on the third day, then the course is continued on the days: 7th, 14th, 30th, 90th.
Subtleties of the procedures
To achieve the most pronounced effect of the drug program, it is necessary to introduce AIG as quickly after contact with the animal as possible. This extends to interaction with animals in which rabies is confirmed or only assumed, to contact with wild individuals, unidentified.
Using equine AIH, you should first clarify tolerance, to exclude the increased susceptibility of horse protein. If administration of human AIG is anticipated, specific verification reactions are not required.
Equine AIH must be administered in the first three days after contact, human AIG during the first week.
Preventive actions
In the instructions to Kokava, the manufacturer recommends preventive immunization for all those for whom the probability of infection with rabies virus is estimated to be above average. This applies to laboratory workers in contact with the street virus, to specialists in the field of veterinary medicine, hunting. Foresters, huntsmen, people working in the field of animal capture and engaged in their temporary and permanent maintenance are subject to vaccination. Prophylactic injections are indicated for other individuals involved in similar areas.
Preventive injection is injected, as indicated in the instructions to "Kokava", in the brachial deltoid muscle. The drug is not used otherwise than intramuscularly. Single dosage - 1 ml. The drug is administered for the first time on the selected day, then on the seventh and fourteenth day. A single booster using 1 ml of the active compound is indicated. A year should pass between the period of initial administration and the first revaccination. Next, the injection is repeated every three years.
Prevention: nuances
The instruction "Kokav" as a prophylactic is shown in a long course. Primary vaccination has three injections, then another injection is necessary after a year, and then once every three years, while the risk of infection with the virus remains.
Prophylactic administration of the drug is carried out strictly within the walls of a medical institution, in vaccination rooms. A person receives a special certificate in his hands filled out by a doctor. The document contains official information about all injections received. Dates and multiplicities, dosages and names of medicines, series are fixed.
Undesirable consequences
According to the instructions, side effects of the Kokav rabies vaccine appear in individual cases. As a rule, such reactions develop in the first two days after administration of the composition. The injection area may turn red and swell, sometimes itching and itching. Some had a proliferation of peripheral lymph nodes, others were worried about a headache. Perhaps a feeling of general malaise, weakness, fatigue. There is a possibility of fever, muscle pain.
As indicated in the instructions for the Kokav rabies vaccine, side effects that are very rare include an immediate allergic response. This is possible if a person is characterized by hypersensitivity to different products, medicines. Neurological symptoms are extremely rare. Possible paresthesia and polyneuropathy, neuritis, affecting the functioning of the visual system. There is a risk of paralysis, damage to the roots of nerves.
Categorically not
For therapeutic and prophylactic administration of the drug "Kokav" there are no contraindications in principle. To use the product as a prophylactic, the limitations indicated in the instructions to Kokava are acute diseases of an infectious and other nature, as well as a relapse of a chronic disease or a decompensated course of pathology. To ensure good tolerance and maximum safety to the patient, Kokav injections are given a month or later after recovery or achieving stable remission.
Preventive injections should not be made if Kokav previously caused a systemic allergic reaction, caused angioedema, or a rash throughout the body. Contraindication is pregnancy.
Habits and limitations
Alcohol is strictly prohibited by the instructions for Kokava during the entire course of the drug, as well as another six months after the completion of the program. This is due to a negative effect on the nervous system. The use of alcoholic beverages increases the risk of side neurological effects by up to 30%, which includes extremely severe reactions. The manufacturer tells about this effect, explaining why it is impossible to combine alcohol and the Kokav rabies vaccine in the instructions for the drug. It contains information about clinical observations and cases recorded in medical practice, and the risk, estimated at 30%, is considered extremely high, so it is important to strictly comply with the ban.
Mutual influence
During the use of the Kokav vaccine for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes, other substances cannot be used to immunize a person. As the vaccination program is completed, other vaccinations can be given after a couple of months or later. Prophylactic administration of the composition is indicated a month later and after the last application of any vaccination.
The therapeutic and prophylactic use of Kokawa allows the use of hormonal anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressing drugs only when the patient’s life depends on it. If the situation allows the choice of a safer alternative, they do not resort to the indicated categories of medicines.
Nuances and rules
The dosage of the Kokav vaccine for minors and adults is similar. This also applies to the introduced volumes of AIG. The treatment and prophylactic course must be started regardless of when the person sought medical help. Even if several months have passed since interacting with a potentially dangerous animal, it is necessary to receive injections in accordance with the scheme.
If a prophylactic or prevention and treatment-related program was completed at the same time and less than a year has passed since then, in the event of a recurrence of a dangerous situation, Kokav is prescribed by a course of three administrations: on the day of the visit to the clinic, on the seventh and fourteenth days. If more than a year has passed or the initial immunization has not been fully completed, they resort to the classic version of the Kokav vaccine.
Safety comes first
The impossibility of drinking alcohol during the vaccination period and within six months after its completion was indicated above. The doctor repeats this information several times: before setting the primary vaccine, after the procedure, with each repeated treatment. True, this is not the only restriction in everyday life that must be adhered to in order to ensure security. It is wise to avoid excessive fatigue, prolonged exposure to too cold or hot places.
Hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs that inhibit the immunity of the drug can make the Kokav vaccine ineffective. If injections are given to people undergoing treatment with the indicated drugs, an analysis must be done to detect the concentration of antibodies in the circulatory system that neutralize the virus. If none are found, it is necessary to extend the application program for another three injections of Kokawa.
Attentiveness and responsibility are the key to successful application.
When planning to use Kokav in combination with equine AIH, you must be prepared for complications. A local allergic response of the body is possible, manifesting itself in the first two days after administration of the drug. There is a risk of developing serum sickness, manifesting on average by the seventh day. An instant reaction in the form of anaphylactic shock may appear. If an anaphylactoid response is observed, an adrenaline solution is administered under the skin (alternatively, a norepinephrine solution). The dose is selected based on the age of the patient. To alleviate the condition, 0.2-1 ml of a five percent solution of ephedrine is indicated.
It is forbidden to use the medication if the integrity of the ampoule is broken (no matter how slight the damage may seem). You can not enter the product if the labeling is not readable, the shade or structure of the filling substance has changed, the shelf life has expired. It is forbidden to use medication that was stored incorrectly.
According to reviews, this is one of the most effective rabies vaccines. , 90% . .