Sunburn is a skin inflammation. It is caused by the excessive action of ultraviolet (UV radiation). Inflammation of this kind can also arise from spending a large amount of time in a tanning bed under an artificial sun. Ultraviolet radiation also negatively affects the eyes.
Sunburn in some cases can cause serious and irreversible effects. Thus, obtained at an early age, it significantly increases the risk of skin cancer in the future. In addition, as a result of excessive repeated ultraviolet radiation, freckles, scars, dry skin and premature aging of the skin can occur, and the risk of developing macular degeneration and cataracts also increases.
As you know, ultraviolet rays exist in three forms. UV - C does not reach the Earth, being delayed by the ozone layer. Until recently, it was believed that skin cancer can be caused by ultraviolet rays of B. However, according to the results of some studies, the negative influence of UV - A was also noted.
The risk of sunburn on the face and body is higher between ten in the morning and three in the afternoon. Particularly active emissions are observed in early autumn, late spring and summer. It should be noted that not even such a strong winter sun can negatively affect the eyes and skin.
The radiation intensity is determined by latitude and height. So, the closer to the equator and the higher the sea level, the stronger it is.
Moreover, rays tend to reflect off certain surfaces, such as water, snow or sand. Therefore, the risk of getting a “reflected” burn of the face and body increases in people sunbathing on the beach, swimmers, skiers or fishermen.
In some cases, ultraviolet irradiation has no pronounced symptoms. However, prolonged exposure to sunlight affects the condition of the skin. So, the risk of wrinkles, cancer or freckles increases.
Sunburn has characteristic symptoms. Inflammation and redness develops on the irradiation site, and any touch provokes soreness. For several days after a burn, swelling, blisters or crusts can form on the skin. Sometimes a rash appears.
The severity and severity of symptoms is mainly affected by the type of skin, location and duration of exposure to sunlight, as well as the degree of protection of the cream from burns.
Severe irradiation cases require immediate assistance. In this case, the characteristic symptoms are: fever, chills, dizziness, rapid pulse, dehydration, rapid breathing, the formation of painful blisters and even a state of shock with loss of consciousness.
If you suspect a severe sunburn, you must call a doctor. Before his appearance, the victim should not be given cold water, in order to avoid increased chills. Cool compresses should be applied, clothes can be wetted to reduce soreness and lower temperature. It is recommended that you take a cool bath without using soap, which can irritate your skin even more. You can’t wipe yourself after that, it’s allowed to slightly wet your body or face.
Your doctor may prescribe any emollient lotions or creams. It should be noted that some products contain a benzocaine component that can provoke an allergic reaction. In addition, some ointments slow down healing slightly, as they can block the access of oxygen to the skin.
If blisters have arisen from exposure, a dressing must be applied to the affected area.
With severe pain, causing discomfort to the victim, it is allowed to take an anesthetic medication.