Tachilalia is a violation of oral speech, expressed in its pathologically accelerated pace. Usually a child can make about 10-12 sounds within a second. This is considered the norm. With tachyllia, the rate of speech increases to 30 sounds per second. At the same time, phonetics is not distorted; children correctly construct sentences and correctly use vocabulary. However, their speech becomes poorly legible and incomprehensible. Such a violation is subject to mandatory correction. Tachyllia does not go away by itself and, without speech therapy correction, is preserved in adulthood. The older the person, the more difficult it is for him to correct such a speech defect.
Reasons for violation
Speech therapists put forward different versions about the causes of tachyllia. Some experts believe that tempo disturbances can be genetic and inherited. However, more often it happens that the child, hearing the fast speech of adults, begins to copy it. Incorrect speech education can also affect. Tachyllia is often observed in children with an excitable unbalanced psyche, especially with hyperactivity disorder and lack of attention. If the speech therapy correction is not carried out in time, then speech disorders intensify during the puberty period, and then remain in adulthood.
Neurological causes of tachyllia can be distinguished. These are pathologies, infections and brain injuries, chorea, epilepsy, pseudobulbar paralysis. With such diseases, this form of speech disorder is often found.
Sometimes the cause of this speech defect is mental illness: schizophrenia, oligophrenia, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorders of organic origin. In this case, speech impairment is only one of the symptoms of a serious illness.
Varieties of Tachilalia
In speech therapy, there are several forms of this violation:
- Plain. The child has only accelerated speech.
- Battarism. Such a violation is otherwise called paraphrasia. The child has not only excessively fast speech, but also swallowing syllables, fuzzy pronunciation of words, because of this the phrase is built incorrectly. Children talk choking due to respiratory failure during speech.
- Poltern (stumbling). With this form of tachyllia, sudden hesitations and pauses during speech are observed. It is difficult for a child to formulate his thoughts, select words and perceive the speech of others.
Paraphrasia and stumbling are more severe speech disorders than the usual form of tachyllia. Battarism occurs in children with an overly excitable nervous system. The causes of the polter are often associated with neurological and psychiatric diseases. It is important to distinguish stumbling and paraphrasia from stuttering (logoneurosis). With polterne and buttarism, a person usually speaks better in society than at home. He has no speech cramps. In patients with stuttering, speech becomes more correct in the usual relaxed atmosphere, violations are aggravated by excitement, for example, during public speaking.
Patients with logoneurosis realize that their speech is impaired and suffer because of this. With battalism and polterne, a person does not notice that he is talking incorrectly, and often does not see a reason to contact a speech therapist. But because of the illegibility of speech, it becomes difficult for him to communicate with others.
With all forms of tachyllia, not only pathologically accelerated speech can be observed, but also disturbances in the emotional-volitional sphere, vegetovascular manifestations, and motor anxiety.
Speech Symptoms
Speech disturbances are the main symptom of tachylia. This is the pronunciation of a large number of sounds per second (from 20 to 30), the swallowing of syllables and words, unexpected delays in conversation. A man utters a long phrase in one breath. Repeats and permutations of syllables and words are observed. The patient's speech is too expressive, but at the same time, intonation is disturbed, the movements of the organs of the speech apparatus are not coordinated. A person speaks in short sentences that are logically poorly related.
With tachyllia, internal and written speech also suffers. A series of words quickly sweep through the patient’s mind. They replace each other before a person manages to say them. Because of this, individual words are swallowed. During writing and reading, the patient can rearrange and skip syllables, letters and sounds, or replace them with similar ones.
Non-verbal symptoms
It is expressed in the fact that all patient movements become as fast and chaotic as the pronunciation of sounds. Motor anxiety is observed even during sleep. While talking, a person gestures a lot, makes head and body movements to the beat of speech. In childhood, hyperactivity is observed, such a child runs a lot, it is difficult for him to sit still. All motor skills become sharp and scattered. It is difficult for such children to repeat movements after the teacher during physical education classes; they often touch and drop objects.
Cognitive impairment also occurs. Patients cannot hold attention for a long time, they usually do not listen well to the interlocutor. There are problems with visual and auditory memory. Thinking becomes chaotic and illogical.
With emotional conversation or excitement, reactions from the autonomic nervous system can occur: excessive sweating, facial flushing, heart palpitations.
Diagnostics
With tachyllia, consultation with a neurologist and a psychiatrist is required. To identify the causes of speech disorders, a comprehensive diagnostic examination is necessary. It is necessary to exclude or confirm possible neurological disorders. The patient should undergo an electroencephalogram, an echogram, and an MRI of the brain. Also, in a conversation with the doctor, mental disorders are revealed.
Then the patient is examined by a speech therapist. The specialist draws attention to the features of oral, written speech, as well as reading. It is necessary to separate tachyllium from logoneurosis and dysarthria. The patient should visit a psychologist to assess cognitive and emotional-volitional spheres.
Treatment
Correction of tachyllia is carried out with medical, physiotherapeutic and speech therapy methods. Psychotherapy sessions, as well as autogenic training, are also useful.
Prescribe sedatives that calm the nervous system and eliminate motor anxiety. If neurological and psychiatric pathologies are the cause of tachyllia, then treatment of the underlying disease is necessary.
Patients are shown physiotherapy. It aims to reduce excessive nervous excitability. Such types of procedures are used as baths with mineral waters, relaxing massage, exercise therapy to improve motor skills. Useful leisurely gymnastics to calm music. Arrange motor function will help motor exercises performed at the expense.
Logopedic correction
The most important part of tachyllia therapy is the correction of speech defects. Usually collective and individual speech therapy sessions are held. Group exercises help patients to establish communication with others and learn to listen carefully to the interlocutor.
Classes for correcting speech are carried out in several stages:
- At first, the patient is recommended to remain silent for as long as possible and dispense with only the most necessary phrases.
- Then, slower speech training is held during loud reading. The patient is invited to retell the passage, while correctly and accurately expressing their thoughts. To maintain a measured rhythm, it is recommended to beat the beat with your foot or hand. Young children who do not yet know how to read are told short phrases that they must repeat. At the same time, a speech therapist achieves an accurate and measured pronunciation. Patients are advised to listen to examples of correct speech.
- Next are classes on the formation of attention and listening skills. Collective stories are held. Moreover, each patient can enter into a conversation only at the signal of a speech therapist.
- At the last stage, public speaking is taught, which is then analyzed in group classes.
Consultations with a speech therapist are complemented by homework. It is necessary to give half an hour 2 times a day to exercises for the formation of smooth and measured speech.
Forecast
In adults, the process of correcting speech defects takes 3-4 months, and in children from 6 months to 1 year. However, the younger the person, the easier it is for him to learn correct speech. After completing classes with a speech therapist, you need to repeat home exercises for 1 year to consolidate the result. Tachilalia is a speech disorder that can recur. In this case, you need to repeat the course of therapy with a speech therapist. The usual form of tachyllium has a favorable prognosis if it is not associated with neurological and mental illness.
As for battalism and polter, such violations are more difficult to correct. It requires not only great and lengthy work with a speech therapist, but also the treatment of the underlying ailment.
Prevention
In order to prevent the child from developing accelerated speech, you need to carefully monitor his neurological and mental health. It is necessary to treat head injuries, infections and pathologies of the central nervous system in time. If parents noticed that the child is talking too fast, swallowing words, you should immediately contact a speech therapist. Adults should pay attention to the pace of their own speech in the presence of the baby, because children tend to imitate the conversation of others.