Laparoscopic surgery is a great alternative to open surgery. The special medical products used in this case allow conducting medical and diagnostic procedures in the pelvic cavity and peritoneum without incisions on the wall of the latter. This method is widely used in abdominal surgery, endocrinology, urology, as well as gynecology.
Why does body temperature rise after laparoscopy?
There are several explanations for this phenomenon. First of all, the reason for its increase is caused by physiological factors. As a result of laparoscopy, as well as other surgical intervention, a wound is formed, which is stress for the body. Why is the temperature after laparoscopy? Regardless of the origin, the wound process has a corresponding course, which is divided into several phases:
- The first one takes about a week in duration. During this period, energy processes predominate, and some individuals slightly lose weight. It is during this period that an increase in temperature is observed, and such a phenomenon is considered an adequate reaction of the body.
- The second - in this phase, the concentration of hormonal substances in the blood increases, recovery processes become more active, the balance of electrolytes and metabolic processes, as well as the temperature return to normal.
- Third - the individual is gaining lost weight, the body is fully restored.
How long does the temperature hold after laparoscopy? In most cases, it normalizes a week after the operation. It should be noted that with this type of surgical intervention, the temperature rarely exceeds 38 degrees. For example, after a laparoscopic surgery to remove an ovarian cyst, gall bladder, or appendicitis, body temperature can reach 37.5 degrees in the evening. Such a moment is directly dependent on the severity and extent of the surgical intervention. And this is explained by the course of the wound process. If the individual had drainage installed, then after laparoscopy, the temperature is kept at 37 degrees and above more than a week. This phenomenon is also not considered abnormal, but is a response of the body. Temperature normalizes after drainage is removed. However, there are situations when serious complications arise, despite all the efforts of the medical staff.
When to sound the alarm?
Complications after surgery are caused by damage to internal organs, nerve tissue, blood vessels, infection and other factors. You should contact a medical institution in the following cases:
- After laparoscopy, the temperature has risen and has not subsided for more than a week.
- Excessive sweating, chills.
- Nausea, vomiting.
- Pus oozes from the wound, its edges are reddish and dense.
- In the field of punctures intense pain.
- The individual has symptoms resembling the development of an infectious process, such as pneumonia: wheezing in the chest, coughing or signs of intoxication - a frequent pulse, dry mouth, and signs of peritonitis.
Recovery period after laparoscopy
The rehabilitation period after surgery should be supervised by medical professionals who monitor the recovery processes and, if necessary, make the necessary appointments in the form of additional examinations and correction of ongoing pharmacotherapy, including evaluating the feasibility of using antipyretic and pain medication. How long does the temperature hold after laparoscopy, and is it possible to take drugs that reduce it? This question is of interest to many patients who underwent surgery. In the absence of postoperative complications, the patient’s fever is recorded within a week. The decision to take antipyretic drugs is decided individually by the medical staff, depending on the condition of the individual. In practice, mainly drugs of the group of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used, which, in addition to antipyretic, have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.
Preventive actions
Any complication, including a constant (within a month after laparoscopy) temperature, is easier to prevent than to treat. This can be achieved under certain conditions:
- Minimum stay in stationary conditions - both before and after surgery.
- Prevention of nosocomial infection. Strict compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements.
- Timely detection and treatment of various infectious processes in an individual before surgery.
- Mandatory administration of antibacterial agents to the patient in order to prevent possible infectious complications.
- The use of high-quality consumables and medical products, including suture material.
- The fastest identification of adverse postoperative consequences and taking measures to eliminate them.
- The early onset of physical activity under the supervision of a physiotherapy instructor.
Laparoscopy of the ovarian cyst
This method of surgical intervention in gynecological practice is used quite often and is carried out both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is not possible to cure a cyst with medications. Laparoscopy is the most gentle way to access the affected organ. Before surgery, the individual is given general anesthesia. In the wall of the peritoneum, no more than three cuts are made, through which all surgical procedures are performed. The peritoneum is filled with air. During the operation, the cyst is cut off along with the ovary or fluid is aspirated from it. Sutures are superimposed only on two incisions, and a drainage is inserted on the third. In time, surgery lasts no more than an hour. In order to reduce the risk of postoperative complications, which include an increase in temperature after laparoscopy of ovarian cysts, contraindications are previously identified. The operation is not performed when:
- respiratory failure;
- exacerbation of bronchial asthma;
- overweight;
- clotting problems;
- pathologies of the cardiovascular system;
- diseases of an infectious nature.
High blood pressure, adhesions in the abdominal cavity and some other factors are considered relative contraindications to surgery. In these cases, the doctor makes an individual decision.
Recovery period
Sometimes women are discharged from the hospital within two days after the operation. However, if complications are identified, the length of stay in the hospital increases. During the rehabilitation period, after laparoscopy of the ovary, a temperature within 37 degrees can be recorded for several days, usually no more than five. During this period, the body activates all forces to heal wounds and restore the reproductive system. On the fourth or fifth day, the drainage is removed and the seams are removed. A sharp increase to 38–39 degrees or prolonged fever during the rehabilitation period testifies to pathological processes.
Possible negative effects after removal of the ovarian cyst
Complications and a phenomenon such as high fever, after laparoscopy of an ovarian cyst, are quite rare in medical practice, in about two percent of women. Due to the weakening of the body, the risk of infection becomes increased. Serious consequences, such as adhesions leading to infertility, damage to large vessels, as well as adjacent organs, are usually associated with errors that were made during surgery by medical personnel.
An urgent visit to the doctor is necessary if, after laparoscopy of the cyst:
- the temperature rises to 38 degrees and above, or there are sharp jumps, that is, it is unstable;
- redness is observed in the seam area;
- severe bleeding;
- growing weakness;
- vaginal discharge of a brownish or yellow-greenish color.
In some cases, new formations appear on the site of the removed cyst. For their prevention, doctors recommend hormone replacement therapy. Taking antibacterial agents significantly reduces the risk of infectious complications. To restore the body, vitamin complexes and preparations from plant materials are indicated.
Causes of fever after removal of the uterus
After uterine laparoscopy, the temperature may be elevated for several days after the intervention. During this period, the woman is in a hospital. Doctors prescribe the necessary treatment depending on the patient’s condition. The temperature within subfebrile is considered a normal reaction of the body and does not require urgent action. Antipyretic drugs in this case are not shown. In the case of registering higher numbers, medical attention is required, as this is one of the symptoms of abnormal processes that occurred in the postoperative period. To prevent a similar situation after surgery, a mandatory course of antibiotic therapy is prescribed, due to which the risk of inflammatory reactions in the body of the individual, and, accordingly, temperature, is reduced. In addition, the reasons for its increase are:
- Getting into the wound of an infection or pathogenic microflora.
- Failure to comply with certain rules recommended by the doctor when using hygiene products. For example, after removing the uterus, it is forbidden to use tampons, since through them it is easy to introduce microorganisms into the vagina and provoke an inflammatory process.
- Inflammation also develops against a background of low immunity.
Thus, there are several reasons for the temperature increase, but this phenomenon is not always dangerous. If the temperature has not returned to normal over a long period of time, i.e. more than a week, then you should visit your doctor.
The consequences of the operation to remove appendicitis
An increase in temperature after laparoscopy of appendicitis at an early stage is considered a normal process and indicates a natural reaction of the body to stress associated with surgery. The reasons for this phenomenon lie in the following:
- the formation of toxic tissue breakdown products;
- fluid loss due to bleeding;
- drainage to improve the outflow of secretion from the wound;
- decreased defenses in response to stress caused by tissue damage by medical instruments.
Thus, if after laparoscopy the temperature is 37 degrees, then this indicates the natural resistance of the individual's body. The temperature normalizes on its own within a week, since approximately the time it takes to heal the wound.
A dangerous sign is a fever, lasting a long period against the background of symptoms such as:
- constipation;
- pain in the abdomen;
- dysbiosis;
- sweating
- attacks of loss of consciousness;
- vomiting
In addition, prolonged hyperthermia or fever one week after laparoscopy is observed in the following situations:
- In inflammatory processes and sepsis, the temperature rises sharply several days after surgery. In these cases, they sometimes resort to reoperation, as well as prescribe antibacterial and other drugs.
- In the postoperative period, the individual has low immunity. Infections and viruses easily penetrate into an insufficiently well-protected body, causing the development of a pathological process, which is accompanied by a rise in temperature.
- After laparoscopy, a temperature of 37 degrees and above is observed in the presence of drainage, which was established to the patient during the operation. When it is removed, the temperature returns to normal, antipyretics in this case are prescribed quite rarely.
It is important to remember that the fever after discharge from the hospital is an occasion to contact a health care institution.
Gallbladder removal
The occurrence of consequences after surgery, including an increase in temperature, depends on the method of surgery for removing the gallbladder. The following cholecystectomy methods are known:
- transgastric or transvaginal;
- open minimally invasive;
- traditional open;
- laparoscopic.
Let us dwell on the latter in more detail. Laparoscopy is recognized as the best way to remove the gallbladder. It is a safe and effective operation. It is carried out with complications of gallstone disease, inflammatory processes in the gall bladder and some other pathological conditions. Before surgery, general anesthesia is administered. Next, several small punctures are made in the peritoneal wall, through which special tubes are inserted, and through one of them the laparoscope itself is inserted directly. It has a miniature camera with which an image is displayed on the monitor. In addition, carbon dioxide is pumped into the abdominal cavity. After the operation, which lasts about an hour, the punctures are sutured. The rehabilitation period lasts several days.
The temperature after laparoscopy of the gallbladder is due to several reasons:
- postoperative complications;
- abnormal processes of an inflammatory nature.
Fever after removal of the gallbladder
Raising the temperature to 38 degrees in the first six days after surgery is not a cause for concern. In addition, in some cases, even 39 degrees are considered normal for the early postoperative period. This phenomenon is caused by the reaction of the individual's immune system to the intervention. So the body responds to tissue damage and protects itself from harmful microorganisms when toxic substances are absorbed from the wound into the bloodstream. Complications after removal of the gallbladder are possible with any method of surgical intervention. However, the least risk of their occurrence after using the laparoscopy method. The temperature after removal of the gallbladder serves as a so-called indicator of postoperative effects. If the temperature lasts more than six days, constantly increases, or manifests itself at times for no particular reason, then most likely, the inflammatory process develops in the body.
Causes of fever
The most common provocateurs of postoperative complications with a rise in temperature are infections, pneumonia, diarrhea. The latter after removal of the gallbladder is associated with an intestinal infection, the manifestation of which is due to the active reproduction of pathogenic microflora against the background of a weakened immune system.
The causes of pneumonia can be atypical microflora. Signs of it are manifested by fever, tickle, headache, shortness of breath, pain in the chest area, dry cough. Infection with temperature after laparoscopy of the bile proceeds directly in the wound and abdominal cavity. In the first case, the reason is the contamination of the wound surface by pathogens from the dermis, which is caused by errors in the preparation of the surgical field or poor-quality care of the wound after surgery. It is possible to introduce pathogenic bacteria through poorly processed medical devices. Also, the cause may be in the weakened immune system of the individual, poor-quality cleaning of the wards, operation unit, etc. The infectious process in the peritoneum (for example, peritonitis, abscess) is caused by non-compliance with aseptic rules, damage to the intestines during surgery, and bile and blood entering the peritoneum. Typically, the temperature after laparoscopy in these cases is above 38 degrees. In addition to her, the individual manifests:
- Swelling of the edges of the wound, palpation, the allocation of contents from it, soreness, redness. These symptoms are inherent in postoperative wound infection.
- Pain in the abdomen, constipation, bloating, severe itching of the dermis, jaundice, polyuria or delayed urination, worsening of general well-being. Such phenomena are characteristic of the infectious process in the peritoneum.
The risk of complications accompanied by temperature after laparoscopy of the gallbladder increases if the following conditions are not met:
- the correct preparatory period, which consists in the treatment of existing concomitant pathologies, starvation, bowel washing, taking medications to prevent bloating and flatulence, hygienic water procedures before surgery;
- for surgical intervention should be a strong evidence;
- compliance with the diet recommended by the doctor after laparoscopic surgery.
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With a favorable course of the postoperative period, a slight temperature increase after a few days returns to normal. Otherwise, the temperature after laparoscopy is a consequence of all kinds of complications that have different symptoms, including hyperthermia. What if the body responded to the intervention in this way? In such cases, you should focus on the nature of the increase:
- If there are no other signs, and the temperature increased immediately after the operation, then no measures should be taken, including drinking medications that reduce it. This is a natural process, and the temperature normalizes within a few days.
- If, in addition to high temperature, other signs are observed, for example, pain, then a specialist consultation is required. He will evaluate all the risks and identify possible pathological processes in order to prescribe the appropriate treatment in the future.
If the temperature rises after laparoscopy, then this is absolutely natural. However, this point does not exclude control over its values.
How to measure temperature?
Temperature measurement is an absolutely simple procedure, the main thing is to follow some rules. One of the most common mistakes is its incorrect measurement. In order to correctly evaluate the readings, it is necessary to take into account such moments as:
- the room temperature should not be below 18 and above 25 degrees;
- air must not be allowed into the armpit;
- the temperature in the oral cavity is half a degree higher than in the armpit;
- You can not measure the temperature after eating, smoking, hot drinks;
- it is undesirable to take a bath with hot water, to engage in sports and physical exercises immediately before the measurement;
- the thermometer is pulled out in a smooth motion;
- the dermis in the armpit should be dry;
- It is not recommended to measure the temperature several times to make sure that the thermometer is working.
The average time for taking readings from the measuring device is about six minutes, for a mercury thermometer - ten, for an electronic - three. During the period of illness, the temperature is measured at least twice, in the morning and evening hours. Whenever possible, it is best to do this at the same time in order to track the dynamics.
If the high temperature does not subside for a long period of time after surgery, you should immediately consult a doctor. This will help to identify pathology in a timely manner and begin appropriate therapy. Do not self-medicate, as it is dangerous and may be harmful to health.
Conclusion
Thus, the temperature after laparoscopy is both a sign of a normal physiological process and a symptom of a pathological condition. The recovery period, conducted under the supervision of medical personnel, reduces the risk of adverse effects, and if they occur, allows you to eliminate them as quickly as possible.