Quite often, gynecology is diagnosed with uterine endometrial hyperplasia . This should be taken seriously, since the disease without appropriate treatment can lead to infertility and even cancer.
However, with timely diagnosis and adequate therapy, it is completely treatable. At the very beginning, this disease of the uterine endometrium can be asymptomatic. Often it is detected for the first time during an examination for infertility.
Sometimes the gynecologist has suspicions about the condition of the uterine endometrium during examination or it is accidentally detected during a planned ultrasound, which is one of the methods for its diagnosis. However, the symptoms of a woman can also make a woman see a doctor.
This disease of the uterine endometrium manifests itself as follows:
- frequent, long, heavy menstruation;
- irregular cycle;
- uterine bleeding;
- discharge after or before menstruation, as well as between them;
- uterine bleeding during menopause.
In this condition, excessive growth and thickening of the inner layer of the uterus occurs. The reason for this phenomenon is a violation of the balance of sex hormones, in which the amount of estrogen increases and there is not enough progesterone.
Many problems can cause this, including ovarian tumors, their dysfunction, PCOS, and obesity. Inadequate estrogen therapy also leads to hormonal imbalance. Concomitant conditions are myoma, endometriosis, mastopathy, liver pathology, diabetes mellitus, hypertension.
In the diagnosis of this disease of the uterine endometrium, hysteroscopy, ultrasound, examination are used, however, only a histological examination can accurately say that it takes place . To do this, a biopsy or curettage is performed, and the resulting material for study is sent to the laboratory. With this disease, “cleaning” is also a medical manipulation.
With the help of a histological examination, it is possible to establish the presence of hyperplasia, its type, and find out if there is a malignant process. This is very important for the appointment of treatment regimens and prognosis.
Endometrial hyperplasia can be atypical when the overgrown tissue contains altered cells. This variant of the disease is more likely to lead to cancer.
In addition, hyperplasia can be simple when the cells are excessively overgrown, or complex when special structures (adenomatosis) appear in the surface layer that are not characteristic of its normal structure. There is also a form of the disease in which several or one uterine endometrial polyp appears.
It has been established that hyperplasia leads to the inability to become pregnant. Firstly, in case of hormonal imbalance, ovulation usually does not occur or extremely rarely occurs. Secondly, if it does occur, then implantation of a fertilized egg cannot occur in the altered endometrium.
After undergoing the necessary treatment, the patient may become pregnant. Therapy necessarily includes curettage and taking hormonal drugs. Treatment of a simple form of the disease occurs with a gynecologist-endocrinologist.
The scheme and drugs are selected individually after a hormonal examination, taking into account age, height, weight, concomitant diseases, the desire to have a baby in the near future and in general.
Atypical forms of hyperplasia are treated by gynecologists-oncologists. In this case, the question arises of the removal of the uterus, since there is a high probability of developing cancer.
Thus, uterine endometrial hyperplasia is a disease that necessarily requires treatment, otherwise it can lead to infertility and cancer. When identifying this condition, it is necessary to do curettage with subsequent histological examination. The treatment tactics depend on its results.