Oophoritis is characterized by an inflammatory process that develops in the ovaries and causes a lesion of the urogenital female system. Due to the fact that the inflammatory process begins to develop in the ovaries, soon the inflammation passes to the fallopian tubes. The disease can affect only one organ - this is a unilateral oophoritis, or it can be bilateral. If inflammation develops not only in the ovaries, but also in the appendages of the uterus, then this indicates the presence of salpingitis and oophoritis.
The causes of the disease
The causes that can trigger the development of salpingitis and oophoritis can be very different, but most often the disease is not an independent pathology. This is because the ovaries are located in such a way that the infection cannot get into them.
As a rule, the inflammatory process is transmitted through the fallopian tube. There is also another significant source of infection - the appendix, which is located in the abdominal cavity. Sometimes the cause is the defeat of the whole organism. Initially, it is necessary to understand what salpingitis and oophoritis in women are.
Factors that provoke the development of pathology
The main factors experts include the following:
- chronic infections;
- problems with the endocrine system;
- diseases of the genitourinary system;
- stress, overwork, which leads to a decrease in immunity;
- hypothermia;
- irregular sex;
- promiscuity;
- sexual intercourse without the use of contraceptives;
- smoking.
Pathogens can cause the development of salpingitis and oophoritis, which lead to the development of diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasmosis, tuberculosis, staphylococcus. Also, the pathology develops due to the penetration of E. coli, streptococci and many other harmful bacteria into the body.
Due to the usual hypothermia, the inflammatory process in the ovaries may worsen. The use of intrauterine devices, numerous abortions, childbirth, painful critical days also affects the state of the system. As a rule, the pathology is secondary, and the infection enters the ovaries through the lymph or through the bloodstream from other organs.
Signs of the disease
Signs of oophoritis will depend entirely on the stage of development of the disease. In order to determine the stage, the method of palpation and ultrasound are used. Thanks to high-quality diagnostics, it is possible to establish the presence of puffiness, whether there are changes in the tissues, or whether there is pain in the ovaries. The disease is acute, subacute, or chronic. The signs of oophoritis will differ depending on the stage.
Symptoms of subacute form
If acute salpingitis and oophoritis are present, then the following symptoms occur:
- High body temperature rises, there is general weakness, constant chills.
- There are problems in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Concerned about headaches, muscle aches.
- Vaginal discharge appears with pus.
- Urination becomes painful.
- Uterine bleeding may occur.
- In the lower abdomen severe pains are felt, they become sharper during intercourse.
The acute form of oophoritis can be determined during the examination by a gynecologist. On palpation, severe pain occurs, and the ovaries increase in size due to the inflammatory process and swelling.
The disease is treated only in a hospital setting, and the patient needs to be hospitalized as soon as possible. If the acute form of oophoritis is diagnosed in time, then the treatment will not take much time and there will be no consequences or complications.
Chronic oophoritis: symptoms
If the pathology becomes chronic, then, accordingly, the symptoms change. The main features include the following:
- The menstrual cycle is broken.
- In the lower abdomen, severe pain is felt during intercourse.
- Due to overwork, stress, hypothermia, infectious diseases, relapses often occur.
- In the inguinal region, a dull aching pain is felt in the vagina, which becomes more intense shortly before the critical days or during the development of various diseases.
- Constant discharge in a small amount is observed.
- A woman cannot get pregnant for a long time.
The chronic form of the disease is hidden and occurs as a result of the absence of treatment for acute oophoritis. In most cases, the diagnosis is made when searching for the causes of infertility or if the menstrual cycle has become irregular. The ovaries gradually become very dense, are located behind the uterus, and during palpation the woman feels severe pain.
Due to the chronic form of the disease, a woman may eventually develop neuropsychological disorders. These include poor sleep, severe irritability, decreased performance, a woman quickly gets tired. Sometimes you can meet cases when chronic oophoritis begins to develop immediately, and does not go from an acute form. This can be explained by the fact that many diseases that are sexually transmitted initially occur without any symptoms, but at the same time, inflammation develops actively in the ovaries.
If chronic oophoritis is not diagnosed in time, then it begins to provoke the appearance of changes in the fallopian tubes, which becomes the reason for their obstruction. In this situation, a secondary form of functional infertility occurs, and a huge number of adhesions form around the ovaries.
Symptoms of subacute form
This form can be found very rarely. The disease begins to develop against the background of mycotic or tuberculous infectious lesions of the female body. Symptoms are practically no different from those that are characteristic of the acute stage, but at the same time they are less pronounced.
If you diagnose the pathology in time and start treatment, then the recovery will be complete and quick. Otherwise, the subacute stage quickly becomes chronic, in which periods of remissions and exacerbations will constantly alternate.
Treatment of chronic oophoritis
Treatment of salpingitis and oophoritis is selected individually. During exacerbation of chronic oophoritis, immunomodulators are used that can restore the woman's immune system. Before you understand how to treat chronic salpingitis and oophoritis, you need to know that it is important to choose the right medication and strengthen it with traditional medicine. Of non-traditional methods, it is considered effective to take decoctions of herbs, use tampons, baths and regular douching.
A huge role is played by the treatment stage, at which painful sensations are eliminated. Long-term pain affects the functioning of the nervous and cardiovascular systems very badly. Because of them, neurosis, a chronic form of fatigue, severe irritability can occur. Antibiotics are also used for treatment, but only during the subacute or acute stage of the disease.
Acute Disease Treatment
In the ICD, salpingitis and oophoritis of acute form have the code N70.0. There is a wealth of information about this disease. Many are interested in how to treat salpingitis and oophoritis depending on the symptoms. It is necessary to treat the acute form of the disease only in a hospital setting. After all, it can lead to very serious consequences. First of all, antibiotics are prescribed for therapy. After some time, when the woman’s condition improves, she is prescribed physiotherapeutic, balneological procedures, which act as preventive measures.
In addition, the patient must take vitamins throughout the course of treatment, as well as use vaginal suppositories in order to avoid further relapses and prevent the transition of the acute form to the chronic one.
Oophoritis and salpingitis
These two diseases are very similar in their characteristics. In most cases, along with the inflammatory process in the ovaries, damage to the fallopian tubes occurs - salpingitis. A variety of harmful microorganisms can trigger a disease. Interesting is that they can be combined with each other, which makes them very resistant to most antibiotics.
Due to the fact that inflammation provokes serious changes, over time, the fallopian tube gradually fuses with the affected ovary and becomes one formation. Such a neoplasm provokes the accumulation of pus in the fallopian tube, which can very quickly destroy ovarian tissue.
The main signs of oophoritis and salpingitis are considered very severe pain in the lower abdomen, as well as in the right or left side. The pathology stage will affect the intensity of the pain. Painful sensations can be sharp, aching, cutting, throbbing. As a rule, they intensify even after slight physical exertion and a few days before the onset of menstruation. In addition, the menstrual cycle is severely lost, an elevated body temperature is constantly present, and a woman almost always complains of fatigue.
Some time after the onset of salpingitis, urination becomes painful, purulent discharge may appear from the vagina. In the event that pus from the affected fallopian tube and ovary enters the abdominal cavity, this becomes the cause of the development of pelvioperitonitis. Chronic salpingitis causes rapid proliferation of connective tissue.
Diagnosis of salpingitis
Salpingitis and oophoritis can be diagnosed with a variety of studies in the laboratory, as well as through ultrasound, laparoscopy. Sometimes other diagnostic methods may be used. Treatment can only be prescribed after a thorough examination, taking into account all the results obtained.
The pathogen will affect the choice of treatment, as well as its form. In case of acute salpingitis, the woman is immediately sent to a hospital. The first few days of treatment, the patient should observe complete rest, and ice and various cold compresses should be applied to the stomach.
Then, drugs for pain relief, various drugs to eliminate pathogenic microflora can be prescribed. If there has been no result from drug treatment for some time, then in this situation it is impossible to do without surgical intervention.
Conclusion
Oophoritis and salpingitis - what is it? These are very serious diseases, so if you notice even the slightest symptoms, you should immediately consult a doctor. It is also advisable to regularly visit a gynecologist in order to timely diagnose the presence of a pathology at an early stage of its development.
For more detailed information, you need to know the code for chronic salpingitis and oophoritis - 70.1 under the letter N according to ICD-10.