In this article we will talk about a drug such as "Benzylpenicillin sodium salt." Instructions for use, indications, dosage and recommendations for use will be covered in the article. In addition, we will consider the pharmacological properties of the drug, possible side effects and the interaction of the drug with other medicines.
general information
The drug is an antimicrobial and antibiotic belonging to the penicillin group. Benzylpenicillin itself is a sodium salt, the instruction for use of which will be presented below, is produced by various mold fungi.
Medicines of this group are used for intramuscular administration, exposure to various tissues and organs into which a small amount of penicillin delivers blood. So that the drug begins to have an effect on the brain and spinal cord, as well as the meninges, it is administered subarachnoidly.
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt, instructions for use: pharmacological action
The drug is effective against gram-positive microorganisms, which include:
- staphylococci;
- streptococci;
- pneumococci;
- pathogens of diphtheria ;
- anthrax sticks;
- aerobic (surviving and in the absence of oxygen) spore-forming sticks.
In addition, the drug is active against gram-negative cocci (meningococcus, gonococcus), spirochetes, actinomycetes and several other microorganisms. Benzylpenicillin sodium salt is ineffective against viruses, rickettsia, fungi, protozoa.
Staphylococcus strains that are capable of producing the penicillinase enzyme that decomposes benzylpenicillin are resistant to the drug. The drug exhibits low activity in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, intestinal bacteria and other microorganisms that are capable of secreting penicillinase in different amounts.
Pharmacokinetics
When administered intramuscularly, the drug quickly enters the bloodstream, from where it is delivered to other body fluids and tissues. As for cerebrospinal fluid, a small amount of benzylpenicillin penetrates there. The highest concentration of a substance in the blood after administration is intramuscularly noted after 30-50 minutes. If the drug was administered subcutaneously, the absorption rate will decrease and the greatest amount of the substance in the blood will be observed after an hour.
Three hours after the injection (subcutaneous or intramuscular), only traces of benzylpenicillin will remain in the blood. Therefore, in order to maintain a high concentration of the drug in the body for a long time, it is necessary to inject every four hours.
With the introduction of the drug intravenously, its concentration rapidly decreases. And when taken orally, benzylpenicillin is destroyed by penicillinase (an enzyme) and gastric juice.
From the body, the drug is excreted in the urine.
Indications
Must be carefully studied before prescribing a drug such as benzylpenicillin sodium salt, instructions for use, doses and indications for use. Let's start with the latter. So, the drug is prescribed:
- with diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract;
- severe septic diseases;
- septic endocarditis;
- sepsis
- infections and infected wounds of soft tissues, skin and mucous membranes;
- burns;
- inflammation of the spinal cord and brain, mazgovy membranes;
- purulent pleurisy;
- peritonitis;
- cystitis;
- pyemia and septicemia;
- osteomyelitis;
- diphtheria;
- scarlet fever;
- gonorrhea;
- erysipelas;
- blennery in newborns;
- anthrax;
- syphilis;
- actinomycosis;
- various gynecological inflammations;
- inflammatory diseases of the throat, ear and nose.
Terms of use and dosage
Depending on the diagnosis, various therapy using the drug benzylpenicillin sodium salt may be prescribed. Instructions for use, route of administration and possible dosages will be considered by us in this section.
The course of treatment with a drug can last, depending on the disease, from 4 weeks to 2 months or even more. The drug can be administered in the following ways:
- Intramuscularly into the external superior gluteal quadrant. The drug is diluted before administration in distilled water, a solution of novocaine or sodium chloride.
- Intravenously - only for such serious diseases as meningitis, septic endocarditis, sepsis, etc. The drug is administered every 4 hours or in a continuous drip method - 30 drops per minute for 6-12 hours.
- Benzolpenicillin sodium salt may also be administered endolumbally. Instructions for use (method of use) provides such a method for inflammation of the spinal cord and brain, including the meninges. The drug is administered very slowly - 1-2 minutes.
- There are cases when benzylpenicillin is used for chipping inflammatory foci. For example, with actinomycosis, leishmaniasis of the skin, chronic pyoderma and other infectious skin diseases.
- With the help of inhalation - for the treatment and prevention of diseases of the lungs and respiratory tract. To do this, benzylpenicillin is mixed with a solution of sodium chloride or distilled water. Inhalations are carried out no more than 2 times a day. Duration of one procedure - from 10 to 30 minutes.
- The drug is also injected into the pleural or abdominal cavity with purulent pleurisy or peritonitis.
- In the form of washings, ointments, wet dressings, lotions and powders - for burns, soft tissue injuries, osteomyelitis, etc.
- A solution of the drug is also used in the treatment of ENT diseases and in ophthalmology.
Benzylpenicillin can be used in therapy with other antibiotics and sulfa drugs. In this case, the tool will enhance the therapeutic effect of the drugs used.
Side effects
Benzylpenicillin sodium salt may also have a negative effect. Instructions for use note that most often they occur with intravenous administration of the drug.
Mostly side effects are associated with allergic reactions to the drug. Among the adverse symptoms are noted:
- candidiasis;
- hives;
- temperature rise;
- headaches;
- chills;
- joint pain
- Quincke's edema;
- eosinophilia;
- various types of dermatitis;
- fever;
- lymphadenopathy;
- anaphylactic shock - in very rare cases.
Contraindications
Not all patients may benefit from benzylpenicillin sodium salt therapy. Instructions for use and the rules of administration of the drug provide for a number of contraindications. Among them:
- allergic diseases such as urticaria, hay fever, bronchial asthma, etc .;
- hypersensitivity to penicillin derivatives;
- unusual reaction to drugs;
- pathogen resistance to a standard dose of benzylpenicillin.
The introduction of an endolumbar capable drug is prohibited in epilepsy.
Pregnancy and lactation
It is prescribed during pregnancy only if the benefit of the treatment for the woman exceeds the potential risk for her unborn child. Otherwise, the drug is not prescribed. The ratio of risk and effectiveness is determined by the attending physician.
If it is necessary to take the drug during breastfeeding, it is recommended to stop feeding.
The properties
The medicinal substance benzylpenicillin sodium salt has the form of a white crystalline powder with a bitter taste, which is easily dissolved in a liquid.
The drug is easily destroyed by the action of acids, alkalis, oxidizing agents, penicillinase enzyme, as well as when heated. It is necessary to prepare a medicinal substance immediately before administration.
Precautionary measures
The drug is administered only under stationary conditions as prescribed by a doctor and under his supervision. When undergoing therapy, it must be remembered that an insufficient dose of benzylpenicillin or early completion of treatment can lead to the formation of resistant strains of microorganisms. If drug resistance occurs, treatment is continued with other antibiotics.
With a tendency to allergic reactions, a sodium salt of benzylpenicillin is administered along with antihistamines. Instructions for use (the effect of the drug is prescribed in particularly detail) informs that if the patient develops allergic manifestations, therapy is immediately stopped.
In certain groups of patients (elderly people, newborns, weakened by diseases), immunity to benzylpenicillin may occur, which causes the development of superinfection.
With prolonged use of the antibiotic, the intestinal microflora may be suppressed or partially destroyed, which leads to a decrease in the production of B vitamins. Therefore, for preventive purposes, patients are often prescribed vitamins B1, B12, etc.
If after the start of therapy for 3 days no effect was noticed, then it is necessary to go to a combination treatment or prescribe a new antibiotic.
special instructions
With caution, sodium salt is prescribed to people with heart failure and impaired renal function of benzylpenicillin. The instruction for use also recommends that special attention be paid to those patients who have been hypersensitive to cephalosporins.
Due to the possibility of fungal superinfection, it is recommended to prescribe antifungal agents.
Interaction with other drugs
When prescribed with those antibiotics that have a bacteriostatic effect, the bactericidal effect of benzylpenicillin itself decreases.
The drug "Probenecid" has the property of reducing tubular secretion of the antibiotic, which leads to an increase in the level of the latter in the blood and, as a result, an increase in the time it is eliminated from the body.