Fibrocystic mastopathy is a pathology characterized by the formation of benign seals. This pathology occurs when the hormonal status of the body is violated. It should be noted that the most sensitive to the disease are women in the age of the reproductive period.
The pathogenesis of the disease is clearly associated with the physiological characteristics of the female body. Reproductive age is characterized by manifestations of a biphasic menstrual cycle, which is regulated by female sex hormones (estrogen, progesterone). These hormones also affect the proliferation (reproduction) of breast cells. The hormone progesterone is synthesized in the second phase of the menstrual cycle, it inhibits cell proliferation. During the individual menstrual cycle, the mammary glands increase in volume, swell, and then return to normal. As a result of the action of hormones, the mammary glands increase in volume, and the milk ducts are narrowed. All this leads to fluid retention in the breast tissue. Therefore, the chest during this period becomes very sensitive and painful, sometimes nodules are palpated under the skin. As a rule, after menstruation, these painful sensations disappear, and nodules and hypersensitivity disappear.
In this regard, the best period for breast examination is the seventh or tenth day after the start of the menstrual cycle. At this time, the breast tissue is in its normal state. Under the influence of various factors, a peculiar imbalance of hormones develops . Diffuse fibrotic mastopathy can also occur due to an excessive amount of prolactin in the body. The specified hormone is produced by the adenohypophysis. Normally, prolactin is synthesized during pregnancy and lactation. Important factors in the development of mastopathy are trace elements, depression, smoking, neurosis, abortion, trauma of the mammary glands, the use of alcohol, etc.
Fibrocystic mastopathy is diagnosed by a mammologist. Additional research methods are biopsy and mammography. Fortunately, only 5% of cases reveal fibrocystic changes that can cause a malignant tumor.
Fibrous mastopathy: treatment.
The scheme of therapeutic actions mainly depends on the type and etiology of the disease. Treatment of mastopathy is carried out by conservative or surgical methods.
Fibrocystic mastopathy: hormone therapy.
Treatment is aimed at optimizing and restoring the hormonal background of the body. This type of therapy is carried out using the following drugs: oral estrogen-progestogen-contraceptives (Marvelon, Janine), recommended for women under thirty-five years of age according to a special scheme; antiestrogen drugs ("Tamoxifen", "Fareston") are taken for three months with daily use; gestagen drugs ("Utrozhestan", "Dufaston") are prescribed in the second phase of the menstrual cycle from 15 to 25 days; to reduce the formation of prolactin, the drug "Parlodel" is prescribed, which is taken from 10 to 25 days of the monthly cycle; male sex hormones - androgens (Methyltestosterone) are taken from the 16th to the 25th day of the female cycle, but such hormones are prescribed quite rarely, since they cause increased body hairiness.
Fibrocystic mastopathy: non-hormonal treatment.
For this, non-hormonal drugs are prescribed: phytopreparations, vitamins, as well as anti-inflammatory drugs ("Diclobern", "Diclofenac"). Recently, the most popular drug for the treatment of mastopathy is Mastodin. The mechanism of its action is aimed at reducing the concentration of the hormone prolactin in the blood. This, in turn, helps to eliminate the inflammatory processes in the mammary parenchyma. The drug "Mastodin" perfectly relieves the main symptoms of the disease. Patients in whom the etiology of the disease is associated with neurosis, stress, or depression are prescribed sedative therapy. Substitution therapy with vitamins (A, E, B, and C), antioxidants, and Iodine, Zinc, and Selenium preparations (Selenium Active, Zincosan, Iodomarin, Iodicerin, Iodine) shows good efficacy in treatment. active "," Iodtiroks ").