The diagnosis of mitral valve prolapse is made by patients in whom the valve cusps (one or two) bend inside the left atrium during the period of ventricular contraction. This ailment may be accompanied by abnormal heart function or other pathologies.
Depending on what level of camber deflection is observed, mitral valve prolapse of three degrees is distinguished. MVP of the 1st degree is the mildest form of the disease. Sash deflection in this case occurs by 3-6 millimeters, but in addition, their divergence may occur (it should be said that in a healthy person they close tightly). As a result, a gap may form between the valves, into which blood immediately begins to penetrate. In this case, the blood flow will go in the opposite direction. This phenomenon is called "regurgitation." It can also be of three degrees.
MVP of the 1st degree with regurgitation of the 1st degree implies that blood appears only on the valves. This form of the disease is considered normal, as blood turbulence appears at the very minimum divergence of the valves.
Statistics
Mitral valve prolapse of the first degree affects mainly children aged 2 to 18 years. Much less often, adults are affected by this ailment. Often, this disease can accompany the following diseases:
- heart disease (congenital) - in 37%;
- rheumatism - in 95%.
Signs of MVP of the 1st degree can be observed throughout the patient's life, starting from infancy. They become more noticeable by the age of seven. Medical scientists believe that the disease is in no way related to the patient’s gender, but the number of women affected by this disease is twice as many men.
Symptoms
Grade 1 MVP causes heart pain, tachycardia, and a sensation of malfunctioning in the heart, as well as weakness, shortness of breath, fainting, and dizziness. In addition, patients may experience low physical activity, increased irritability, psycho-emotional instability. Little children are often worried about trifles and annoyed, becoming depressed.
Quite often, mitral valve prolapse can be accompanied by signs of connective tissue dysplasia, such as
- overly thin physique,
- high growth,
- superelasticity of the skin,
- poor muscle development,
- scoliosis,
- light weight
- high mobility of the joints,
- decreased vision
- chest deformity,
- flat feet,
- pterygoid scapula.
Almost always, MVP of the 1st degree causes an increase in blood pressure and increased heart rate. With all this, no changes in the region of the borders of the heart are observed.
Treatment
With mitral regurgitation, accompanied by arrhythmia and impaired repolarization processes on the ECG, doctors recommend limiting physical activity and selecting exercises based on the exercise therapy complex.
If this disease is detected in a child, attention should be paid to the restoration of autonomic disorders.
Preventative measures
Measures aimed at preventing the development of vice also prevent the development of complications caused by this disease. For this purpose, it is necessary to attend special health-improving procedures and perform certain physical activities. Children should be on diagnostic records and periodically undergo examination - electrocardiography.
Forecasts
In young patients, the course of the disease is not burdened by complications. However, in some cases, thromboembolism, infectious endocarditis, or acute mitral regurgitation may occur. If the disease struck a person in childhood, then in the process of growing up it will only worsen. That is why prolapse prophylaxis and its diagnosis should be constantly carried out.