The gallbladder is a hollow organ that looks like a pear. It consists of the bottom, body and neck. The organ functions normally only if the outflow of bile occurs regularly and evenly. For this condition to be met, it must not be deformed. Currently, more and more often, when examining the abdominal organs, doctors diagnose an excess of the gallbladder. It can be both congenital and acquired in nature. In any case, the contractile function of the organ is impaired - bile begins to stagnate. A natural result is the occurrence of serious diseases. To prevent this, it is important to consult a specialist when the first alarming symptoms appear.
Causes
Currently, in medicine, there are 2 forms of inflection of the gallbladder:
The development of congenital pathology begins in the embryonic period. At the 5th week of pregnancy, the gallbladder and its ducts, liver and duodenum are simultaneously formed in the fetus. At this stage, the future organ is as vulnerable as possible to various adverse factors. As a result, its proportions may be disturbed, due to which the gallbladder inflection begins to form.
As a rule, when diagnosing a disease, doctors detect a fixed deformation. But the gallbladder is a hollow and quite mobile organ, due to which the localization and the shape of the inflection can change. In this case, doctors call it labile.
Deformation acquired in the process of life may be the result of:
- Increases in gallbladder, right kidney, or liver size.
- An increased degree of organ mobility (this condition occurs due to its atypical location).
- Improper diet organization when eating large amounts of food alternates with periods of fasting.
- Lifting heavy objects.
- Making sudden movements.
- Almost complete lack of physical activity.
- The omission of the internal organs, which may appear in older people due to natural age-related changes.
- Overweight.
- Displacement of organs in women during pregnancy. This reason rarely leads to deformation. Often, pathology is simply first detected during standard diagnostic measures.
Under the influence of any of the above factors or several at once, deformation appears. Depending on its location, the following types of inflection of the gallbladder are distinguished:
- Lower third.
- Upper third.
- The cervix.
- The walls.
- Bottom.
Most often, during diagnosis, an excess of the neck of the gallbladder is detected. But the most dangerous to health is the deformation of the body of the organ.
What is the pathology dangerous?
The main consequence of the inflection of the gallbladder is stagnation of the secret that accumulates in the body. This condition, in turn, provokes the development of many diseases.
Stagnation of bile leads to:
- Violation of the digestive process, because it takes a direct part in it.
- The onset of diabetes. This is because fats that enter the body with food are not completely broken down, but only partially. As a result, their level in the blood increases, which entails a slowdown in the process of glucose processing. The consequence of this is a decrease in the tolerance of the body to carbohydrates.
- Weight gain. Fats that have not been split begin to be deposited in problem areas.
- Diseases of the cardiovascular and visual systems. This is due to the fact that the body has a deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins, which are necessary to maintain the normal functioning of vital organs.
- Chronic cholecystitis. This is a disease characterized by inflammation of the gallbladder wall. Pathogens are pathogenic microorganisms for which fluid congestion is a favorable environment. The inflammatory process, in turn, further disturbs the outflow of bile.
- Calculous cholecystitis. This is a disease in which not only the wall of the organ becomes inflamed, but stones also form inside it.
- Gallstone disease. The stagnation of the liquid leads to the fact that its dense particles are deposited and interconnected. As a result of this process, calculi (stones) are also formed.
- Obstructive jaundice. This is a disease in which the lumen of the bile duct is blocked partially or completely. In this case, the skin and mucous membranes acquire a yellow tint.
In order to prevent the development of dangerous pathologies, it is necessary to consult a doctor when the first signs of gallbladder inflection appear.
Symptoms
Treatment and further monitoring of the patient is carried out by a gastroenterologist. As a rule, people make an appointment with a specialist when the deformation is already pronounced, and the degree of manifestation of the signs is quite high.
The main symptoms of gallbladder inflection are the following conditions:
- nausea turning into vomiting;
- taste of bitterness in the oral cavity, which appears due to the ingress of bile into the stomach;
- heartburn;
- frequent burping of air;
- bloating;
- a feeling of heaviness in the stomach;
- pain in the right hypochondrium or in the epigastric region;
- increased sweating;
- disorders of the stool (diarrhea or, conversely, constipation);
- decreased appetite until its complete loss.
The nature of the pain during deformation is aching or dull, it seems to burst from the inside. Often, discomfort radiates to the right scapula, collarbone on the same side or the spine.
In a child, an excess of the gallbladder, as a rule, is a congenital pathology. For some time, the disease may not manifest in any way, but with severe deformation, the symptoms will be the same as in adults.
In infants, pathology is certainly congenital. With severe deformation in young children, the following symptoms of gallbladder inflection appear:
- crying after feeding, combined with piercing screams;
- vomiting
- diarrhea.
If these conditions of the child occur, it is necessary to show the pediatrician, because pathology not only worsens the baby's well-being, but also negatively affects metabolic processes.
Diagnostics
To make an accurate diagnosis and determine the localization of deformation, the doctor prescribes instrumental examination methods.
In addition, at the reception, a gastroenterologist conducts an initial diagnosis of gallbladder inflection, including:
- Survey of the patient regarding his existing diseases and alarming symptoms. In addition, the doctor finds out what pathologies the patient's relatives suffer from. Thanks to the information received, the specialist can judge the causes of the deformation.
- Inspection The doctor evaluates the condition of the skin, its color, and also palpates the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity.
Regardless of the cause and symptoms of gallbladder inflection, treatment is carried out based on the results obtained using ultrasound. It is the main method for diagnosing this pathology. In the process of ultrasound, the doctor has the opportunity not only to accurately determine the localization of the deformation, but also to assess the degree of functioning of the organ and the condition of all its departments.
Despite the high degree of information, ultrasound does not always help to establish the exact cause of the inflection. However, the doctor can determine if he is congenital or acquired. For this, the patient is given an ultrasound, and then they are offered him a so-called choleretic breakfast. After a certain time, the organ is examined again. If the nature of the deformation has remained unchanged, this indicates that the pathology is congenital.
In addition, in the diagnostic process, biliary dyskinesia , which is found in most patients with an excess, is confirmed or excluded. This is a disease characterized by impaired motility of both the organ itself and its ducts, as a result of which the normal digestion process is disrupted.
As for laboratory research methods, they are ineffective in diagnosing gallbladder deformity. A blood or urine test is prescribed only if the disease has already provoked the development of complications and it is necessary to assess their severity.
Thus, regardless of the causes and symptoms, the treatment of the inflection of the gallbladder (both congenital and acquired) is carried out on the basis of the results of ultrasound examination.
Drug therapy
It often happens that a person with a pathology of a congenital nature does not feel any unpleasant symptoms, and treatment of gallbladder excess in such patients is not carried out. This is because the goal of therapy is only to eliminate discomfort and pain. As a rule, in such situations, a person accidentally learns about the existing deformation of the organ during the examination, which was assigned for another reason.
In the presence of pronounced symptoms, treatment of an inflection of the gallbladder does not do without taking medication. In most cases, doctors prescribe any of the following drugs:
- Flaming. This is a choleretic agent that normalizes the process of fluid outflow.
- Odeston. This drug not only effectively eliminates stagnation of bile in the body, but also eliminates the spasm in its ducts.
- "Aristochol." This is a solution whose composition is represented by natural components. They accelerate the outflow of bile, thereby reducing the risk of calculus formation.
- Hofitol. This is a choleretic drug, which is most often prescribed to children. In addition, he is a hepaprotector.
- Cyqualone. The action of this drug is also aimed at accelerating the outflow of bile. In addition, it effectively eliminates the symptoms of the disease.
- "Cholagogue collection number 3." Its composition is represented exclusively by medicinal herbs, from which it is necessary to prepare a decoction.
The duration of treatment for inflection of the gallbladder and the dosage of drugs is determined solely by the doctor. Any remedy has contraindications and side effects. Self-medication can cause irreparable harm to health.
Gymnastics
Regardless of the severity of symptoms, treatment for kink of the gallbladder (and neck, and body, and bottom) necessarily includes adjusting the intensity of physical activity. In order not to aggravate the situation, it is necessary to exclude the commission of sudden movements and the lifting of heavy objects.
The goal of therapeutic exercises is to relieve the patient from pain and normalize the functioning of the gallbladder. The main rule is regularity. Rare occupations will not affect the course of the disease.
The treatment complex includes the following exercises:
- Lie on the floor (on your back). Press the legs bent at the knees to the chest, clasp them with your hands. Perform smooth back and forth rolls on the back.
- The starting position is the same. Each leg is alternately bent at the knee and pressed to the chest.
- Lie on your back, arms and legs straight. It is maximally possible to retract the stomach, after a few seconds to relax.
- Starting position - standing, feet shoulder width apart, arms located on the belt. The upper part of the body to make turns left and right.
Each exercise must be performed at least 10 times. All movements should be smooth and slow.
Gymnastics is not difficult even for physically unprepared people. Meanwhile, regular exercise not only normalizes the outflow of bile, but also improves blood supply to most organs and systems. Gymnastics is also useful as a preventative measure.
Diet
Treatment of gallbladder inflection is a long process that requires an integrated approach. The diet is the most important stage, its observance not only eliminates pain and other unpleasant symptoms, but also reduces the degree of negative effect of the medications taken on the stomach.
Dietary adjustments must be made in accordance with the following rules:
- Only those products that do not provoke increased secretion of bile by the liver should enter the body.
- You need to eat every 2-3 hours, while portions should be small (200-250 grams). This is important so that the stomach functions normally and does not overload.
- Products in the diet should be easily digestible. They can be boiled, stewed, baked, steamed, but not fried to avoid relapse and pronounced pain.
At an excess of a gall bladder it is forbidden to eat dishes:
- smoked;
- fatty;
- salted;
- sour;
- fried;
- sharp.
In addition, the food should be warm. Very hot or cold dishes negatively affect the functioning of the entire digestive system.
It is necessary to limit the use of the following products:
- Confectionery
- Sahara;
- honey;
- jam;
- rich in animal fats.
The diet must necessarily include:
- Fruits and vegetables, but thermally processed (boiled, baked).
- Dairy products. They are also useful for restoring the natural intestinal microflora.
- Sauerkraut. The product not only improves the course of the disease, but also positively affects other organs of the digestive system.
- Pumpkin, including oil from its seeds.
To prevent thickening of bile and the formation of calculi, it is also necessary to maintain water balance. Everyone should drink at least 1.5 liters of clean still water per day.
Surgical intervention
With multiple deformations, severely impaired blood circulation or destruction of the walls of the gallbladder, cholecystectomy is indicated. An operation involves the removal of an organ.
It is carried out under general anesthesia, as a rule, using the laparoscopic method. Its essence is as follows: the surgeon makes several incisions with a scalpel in the anterior abdominal wall (from 2 to 4), through which special tubes are inserted into the body for resection and video surveillance. The doctor monitors the progress of the operation using a monitor, he does not interact directly with the internal tissues of the body. After removing the organ, wounds are sutured.
The duration of the operation is 1-2 hours.
Folk ways
With pronounced symptoms, treatment of kink of the gallbladder (body, neck, and bottom) with non-traditional methods should not be the main one. It can be used as an adjunct to drug therapy.
Using folk methods, you can get rid of pain and improve the outflow of bile. The most effective remedies are:
- Valerian (1 tablespoon) + hop cones (1 tablespoon). Mix the components in dried form and pour boiling water (1 l). Let it brew for several hours. Drink 100 ml 15 minutes before a meal. The duration of the course is 3 weeks.
- Pour boiling water (200 ml) 1 tbsp. l corn stigmas and place the container in a water bath for 30 minutes. Allow the broth to cool, strain it. Drink small meals throughout the day.
- St. John's wort A medicinal plant can be taken in the form of both a decoction and infusion. The grass not only relieves spasms in the gallbladder, but also strengthens the walls of blood vessels.
Before using any folk remedy, it is recommended to consult a doctor. This need is explained by the fact that some herbs can worsen the effect of medicines.
Finally
An excess of the gallbladder is a pathology that can be either congenital or acquired. Many patients do not experience any symptoms throughout their lives, and the disease is detected randomly. In such cases, treatment is not carried out, since it is aimed at stopping pain and improving the outflow of bile. With severe symptoms, conservative therapy is performed. In some cases, surgery is indicated.