Classicism in the architecture of Western Europe began to take shape in the 17th century under the direct influence of the development of the monarchical regime in these states. This style is based on the ideals of ancient classics. Classicism has a base in the form of a certain philosophical trend. In particular, this is Rene Descartes and his ideas about the mathematical construction of the whole world.
Classicism in architecture is a rational perception of all being, extreme clarity and clarity of lines, logic and strict hierarchy. In other words, this style celebrates the triumph of reason. How exactly is the development of classicism and the formation of a monarchical regime connected? By order of statesmen, the architecture of that time was to glorify the greatness of the country. With this as well as possible, such a direction as classicism.
What are the main characteristics of this style can be distinguished? Classicism is majestic simplicity, the absence of unnecessary details, rigor, laconicism, which manifests itself in everything, both in the exterior and interior decoration of the building. The architectural style is also characterized by the naturalness and softness of colors that are not striking. The building, designed in accordance with the direction of classicism, is usually made in cream, beige, dairy and pale yellow colors.
Also in this style is the primacy of reliability, harmony, stability and comfort. Classicism in architecture has its own key features. These are high ceilings, painted with intricate patterns and decorated with stucco. These are regal columns and arches, exquisite stained glass windows, openwork railings. In buildings decorated in this style, usually there are lamps that are placed on the stairs, in the floor and in the niches in the wall. Classicism is characterized by fireplace gratings, the lightest curtains of a simple cut, on which there are no unnecessary decorative details in the form of brushes, complex draperies and fringes. Furniture matching this style is also made according to the principle of reasonable simplicity. That is, these are simple geometric shapes, functionality. Furniture decoration is made only of glass elements, wood pattern, unusual stone structure.
Classicism in architecture is an exquisite and unobtrusive luxury. Everything plays an important role here, especially accessories. Marble sculptures, mirrors in golden frames, porcelain, classical paintings, tapestries, unusual flower arrangements, sofa pillows create a majestic atmosphere. However, the details should not be too much, because classicism is, first of all, the lack of pretentiousness. Each decorative element should be harmoniously integrated into the overall picture. Various details complement and interact with each other.
Classicism in architecture is difficult to imagine without a picturesque English park, which can be both regular and landscape. The key element of the style is the order. Why? Classicism is mainly characterized by imitation of antique patterns, hence similar details.
Let's take a closer look at the features of this style in our country. Russian classicism in architecture appeared approximately at the beginning of the 18th century. Its development is inextricably linked with the many reforms in the political, cultural and economic sphere that Peter I began to carry out, and later Catherine II continued his work. Russian classicism was distinguished by a large spatial order, many urban complexes. The echoes of the ancient culture of our country were felt in it. In addition, classicism echoed the Baroque, and this is not surprising, because both architectural styles were the first step in the direct interaction of Russian identity with leading European movements.