Medicines that regulate the metabolic processes of the body, represent a separate group of drugs that are widely used to treat all kinds of diseases. And although this phrase does not seem vague and meaningless, it really is. Any disease, any pathological process occurring in our body is accompanied by a violation of metabolic processes that occur at the cell level. And it is the correction of such metabolic disorders that in the majority leads to recovery. One of the drugs that are used to correct these disorders in the body is Asparkam. It is prescribed for many pathologies. Let's consider Asparkam, analogues of the drug that are used today.
Pharmacological characteristics of "Asparkam"
As already mentioned, the drug "Asparkam" refers to a group of drugs that affect the metabolic processes of the body. The mechanism of action of the drug is based on the following points.
The fact of the necessity of maintaining the constancy of the ionic composition of the intracellular medium is widely known. In this case, special attention in the processes of cell metabolism is given to potassium and magnesium ions. Due to the ability of the so-called aspartates (which are part of this drug) to participate in the process of intracellular ion transfer, the administration of Asparkam helps to increase their concentration and improve cell metabolism.
Due to the fact that the heart is the main organ that subtly responds to an imbalance of ions (especially potassium ions), Asparkam shows a cardioprotective effect by eliminating ion imbalance in cardiomyocytes. This, in turn, is manifested by a decrease in the processes of excitability and conductivity, which is reflected in the antiarrhythmic effect of the drug.
Due to the effect on the content of magnesium ions, “Asparkam” affects the sodium-potassium cell pump, reducing the sodium intracellular concentration and promoting the processes of cell membrane repolarization. An increase in the membrane potential leads to the fact that a smaller amount of calcium ions is in the cytoplasm, participating in the processes of electromechanical conjugation of actin and myosin of cardiomyocytes.
In addition, the aspartate, which is part of the drug, promotes the activation of metabolic processes, increases not only amino acid synthesis, but also the synthesis of amino sugars and lipids involved in the regulation of intracellular metabolism. This circumstance contributes to increased energy metabolism in ischemic tissues and areas of the myocardium. “Panangin” - an analogue of “Asparkam” - exhibits the same pharmacodynamic effects due to the identical content of potassium and magnesium aspartate. This circumstance contributes to the almost similar prevalence of Panangin in cardiology practice.
Pharmacokinetic features
Asparkam itself, the analogues of this drug, quickly and almost completely enter the systemic circulation. Excretion of the drug occurs mainly with the help of the kidneys. After a single dose, the maximum concentration of the drug in the bloodstream is achieved after 1-2 hours. From the bloodstream, “Asparkam” enters the cells in the form of potassium, magnesium and aspartate ions and begins to participate in their metabolic processes.
Indications for use
The tablet form of the drug “Asparkam” is intended (and is successfully used) for the treatment of diseases associated with heart failure. So, the indication for the appointment may be post-infarction conditions, conditions after cardioversion or accompanied by a violation of the rhythm and conduction of the myocardium. Asparkam is effective in the complex treatment of heart failure with the use of cardiac glycosides, as well as in situations of overdose or poisoning with saluretics (diuretic drugs, which, in addition to increasing diuresis, enhance the excretion of ions from the body).
The injection form of Asparkam has been successfully used as part of the complex therapy of chronic heart failure, including after myocardial infarction, in case of rhythm and conduction disturbances, as part of complex therapy.
Contraindications
Due to the fact that Asparkam contains a large amount of magnesium and potassium ions, it is contraindicated in acute and chronic renal failure, as well as in case of hypersensitivity to one or more components of this drug.
In case of cardiogenic shock (when systolic blood pressure drops below 90 mmHg), it is not recommended to use Asparkam analogues. Instructions for use indicate that the drug is also contraindicated in Addison's disease and functional adrenal insufficiency, in cases where the patient has a high degree of atrioventricular block and with a high content of potassium and magnesium ions in blood plasma.
Dosage and administration
When using the tablet form of the drug "Asparkam" take one or two tablets after meals three times a day. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician on the basis of the clinical course of the disease and the data of laboratory and instrumental methods of research.
The injection form is prescribed only for intravenous administration. The contents of one ampoule must be dissolved in 50 or 100 ml of a sterile isotonic glucose solution, injected intravenously slowly. Repeated administration can be repeated no earlier than 4-6 hours after the previous administration of the drug “Asparkam”. Analogues of this drug (for example, "Panangin") are assigned identically. “Panangin”, like “Asparkam”, has a pronounced effect on the metabolism of myocardiocytes. Therefore, this analogue of "Asparkam" in Russia is widely used in cardiology hospitals.
Side effects
In the case of taking the tablet form, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract may occur, which are manifested by pain and burning in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting. With prolonged use, ulcerative defects of the mucosa may appear.
Since the drug has a predominant effect on the cardiovascular system, arrhythmias, impaired conduction, atrioventricular blockade, and a decrease in blood pressure are possible on its part.
On the part of the nervous system, the occurrence of paresthesias, tingling sensations, convulsions is noted.
Due to the high content of magnesium ions and their penetration into the central nervous system, respiratory depression is possible. Also quite often there is a sensation of heat with the introduction of the drug "Asparkam". Analogues of this drug have similar symptoms of adverse reactions and the frequency of their occurrence. In view of this, it is imperative to question the patient about the previous administration of this drug.
Special instructions for the use of the drug "Asparkam"
Analogs for children are widely used in pediatric practice, although there is currently insufficient data on the use of Asparkam in children. Despite this, the drug is successfully used to treat cardiac diseases in pediatrics.
With long-term administration of Asparkam, it is recommended to conduct careful monitoring of the electrolyte composition of blood plasma, and to monitor electrocardiographic parameters. Also, with extreme caution, the drug is used in patients with high levels of potassium in the blood plasma.
Asparkam: analogues
Among the generics of Asparkam existing on the pharmaceutical market, it is worth highlighting Panangin. Having high efficiency, this analogue of Asparkam is widely used in Russia, as it has an identical composition and, accordingly, similar indications for use. And cardiological practice is an example of this. Thus, “Panangin” is an analogue of “Asparkam” with the same composition.
Among other drugs with a similar effect, it is necessary to note "Inosine", "Riboxin", "Mexaritm", "Propanorm", "Rhythmocardium".