A diet for liver disease is important to follow for anyone who has encountered this serious disease. It has been known to people since ancient times, but so far it is proper nutrition that remains one of the most effective methods of treatment. Archaeologists during the excavation discovered gallstones from Egyptian mummies, and an analysis of the historical records of Alexander the Great indicates that he suffered from cholecystitis. Nowadays, it is possible to cope with these diseases very successfully. It is extremely important to ensure proper nutrition.
Liver disease
Diet for liver disease today is in demand for many people, because problems with the liver and biliary tract remain one of the most popular in gastroenterology. Therefore, it is so important to prevent their occurrence in the early stages, to carry out effective prevention, preventing possible exacerbations.
Diet for liver disease is one of the most effective therapeutic and preventive measures, rightfully takes the leading place. The principles of therapeutic nutrition today are based on modern research, which allows us to fully evaluate the effect of products on the fine structures of the liver, to monitor the activity of enzymes, secretion and formation of bile.
In this context, it is worth remembering that it is the liver that is called the chemical laboratory of the body, so it is very important to take care of it. Almost all metabolic processes occur in the body with the direct participation of this body. The liver performs one of the vital digestive functions - secretion of bile.
Liver features
It is important to follow a diet for liver disease because this organ is very sensitive to the composition of the food. Any violations lead to functional disorders of the liver. Moreover, this occurs both from an excess of nutrients, and from their acute shortage.
The main requirements for treatment, diet for liver disease are reduced to food contributing to the normalization of impaired metabolic processes in the body, favorable conditions for the functional activity of the liver should be created, the diet should activate the ability to secrete bile, and also improve the condition of other organs of the digestive tract, which often also involved in the pathological process.
Health Nutrition Factors
One of the main factors of therapeutic nutrition is rhythm. After all, it is food that is the most optimal physiological choleretic agent. It is in response to a meal that bile leaves the gallbladder. In the pause between digestion, bile is strictly stationary in the bladder. This occurs at night and between meals. Therefore, one of the main rules of the diet for liver disease is to eat during the day quite often and at strictly defined hours. It is recommended to eat four to five times a day. This will significantly contribute to the normal withdrawal of bile from the bladder, while preventing infection and stagnation of bile.
An important condition is to exclude plentiful food in the late evening. Excitation of digestion at night can lead to a breakdown of the biological rhythm.
Essential Substances
For patients with liver disease, the composition of the food plays an important role. Particular attention should be paid to the protein part of the diet, because the liver plays a key role in protein metabolism. In acute and chronic problems, the protein content per day must necessarily correspond to the physiological norm, which is about 90 grams. It is important that vegetable and animal proteins are in equal proportions.
It is also necessary to worry about a sufficient proportion of protein products in the total diet. It is imperative that they possess the so-called lipotropic action factors . First of all, it is cheese, cottage cheese, cod, egg white, oatmeal. It is necessary to limit the use of proteins only if the patient has a precomatous state, due to which decompensation of the functional abilities of the liver occurs. In this case, the daily protein intake should be reduced to 20-40 grams, and sometimes completely excluded from the diet.
An important role is played by the composition and amount of fat. Many people believe that with liver diseases it is necessary to reduce fat intake, in reality this is not so. In most cases, there is no need to limit fat intake. The ban is imposed only on the so-called refractory and indigestible fats, these include especially fatty varieties of pork, lamb, duck, geese. For patients, the physiological norm is estimated at 80-90 grams of fat per day. In this case, the ratio is considered ideal when two-thirds of fats are of animal origin, and the rest are of vegetable origin.
With liver disorders, it is important to monitor the rate of carbohydrates in the diet. It should be between 350 and 400 grams per day. In addition, these foods should be rich in fiber. This is coarse bread, vegetables and fruits. These foods contain dietary fiber, which helps reduce bile saturation with cholesterol. In addition, the liver plays a large role in the metabolism of vitamins. Vitamin C is recommended to be obtained from the fruits of blackcurrant, rose hips, tomatoes, cabbage, dill, strawberries, tangerines, raspberries. The source of vitamin A are cream and butter.
At the required level, the water-salt balance should be maintained. You need to drink about one and a half liters of fluid per day. After all, with its deficiency, the concentration of bile in the body can increase, which will lead to the accumulation of harmful metabolic products. Limit daily fluid intake makes sense only with cirrhosis.
Recommended Meals
It is very important to know the list of dishes that can be included in the diet menu for liver disease. These include wheat bread, bread made from rye flour is allowed, as well as cookies, pastries from inedible dough.
Soups should be made from vegetables or pasta. Cabbage soup, borscht are allowed.
Meat dishes only from low-fat varieties, the same applies to poultry. Preferably, if they are baked or boiled, or after stewing, provided that the juice is removed. Low-fat varieties of fish are allowed, also in baked or boiled form. This is pike perch, saffron cod, cod, perch, pike, carp.
Sunflower, olive or corn oil can be added to ready-made meals. As a side dish, baked or boiled vegetables are suitable, you can add onions only after first scalding it with boiling water. Pasta and cereals should be crumbly.
No more than one egg per day or two proteins is allowed when preparing an omelet. From appetizers you can afford vegetable salads, soaked herring, boiled tongue, cheese, vinaigrette. Spices must be excluded from sauces. Fruits and berries can be eaten, just forget about the acidic varieties.
From dairy products, the choice should be made in favor of whole and condensed milk, cottage cheese, kefir, yogurt, sour cream as seasoning.
Acute pain: menu
With an exacerbation of liver disease, the diet should be special. Doctors recommend making about such a diet. Eat five times a day.
For breakfast, rice porridge, meat cheese and tea with milk. For lunch, baked apples or curd paste. For lunch - oat soup with vegetables, steam cutlets with boiled pasta, apple compote. Do not forget about the afternoon snack. Eat crackers with sugar and drink with a rosehip broth. For dinner, mashed potatoes with steamed fish cakes, buckwheat pudding with cottage cheese and tea. At night, drink a glass of fruit jelly.
The next day, there may be a different diet menu for liver disease. For the first breakfast, prepare a protein omelet from two eggs for a couple, semolina milk porridge and tea with milk. For lunch, limit yourself to applesauce. For lunch, eat milk oat soup, meat steak, buckwheat and stewed fruit. For afternoon snack - homemade cottage cheese. Dinner should consist of steamed fishcakes with mashed potatoes and tea.
At night, drink a glass of yogurt.
If liver problems go away against the background of obesity or diabetes, then you need to monitor calorie levels. Once a week you need to arrange fasting days.
If liver problems are combined with chronic gastritis or an ulcer, all food should be wiped.
Fatty liver disease
A special diet should be for fatty liver disease. With hepatosis, a proper diet is extremely important. This will help restore previous hepatocytes, providing a gentle effect on the gastrointestinal tract. For liver diseases, diet No. 5 is recommended by doctors. The so-called table number 5 is based on a balanced and nutritious diet, in which a sufficient amount of carbohydrates and proteins enter the body. At the same time, fats and cholesterol are limited. Dishes with this diet are cooked in the oven or steamed. The dishes should be served warm on the table so that they do not irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.
Meat and vegetables must be wiped and grinded so that they are better absorbed by the body. Diet number 5 for liver disease should include in the daily norm 3 thousand kcal, 100 grams of protein, 350 grams of carbohydrates, 10 mg of carotene, 4 mg of riboflavin, 0.5 mg of magnesium and retinol, 4 mg of phosphorus and potassium.
Eating is necessary in small portions, carefully chewing food. About two liters of water should be drunk per day.
Contraindications
From this article you will find out which diet for liver disease is necessary, and most importantly, which products are strictly contraindicated.
Of the drinks, patients with liver problems are contraindicated in cocoa, coffee, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, chicory, shop and freshly squeezed juices, green tea.
From the first courses broths that were cooked on fish, meat and mushrooms, as well as broths based on spinach and sorrel are not recommended. Any okroshka is forbidden. Among cereals barley, pearl barley and corn, as well as lentils, are excluded. The patient's condition may worsen due to pasta, hot pastas with various sauces.
It is necessary to minimize, or even completely eliminate from the diet smoked products, liver, kidneys and tongue, any canned meat, smoked and salted fish, caviar, crab sticks. Fried donuts and pies, crackers from pastry, fresh bread, pancakes, any products from pastry and puff pastry are forbidden.
Be sure to exclude fatty dairy products, cream, fermented baked milk, whey. Corn, mushrooms, rhubarb, sorrel, turnip, garlic, onions, eggplant, tomato paste, raw cabbage, lemons, unrefined vegetable oil, lamb fat, any spicy and fatty foods, canned foods of any kind are excluded.
Among desserts, chocolate, fatty desserts, halva, chewing gums, hematogen, popcorn, waffles, kozinak, sunflower seeds, and sorbet are prohibited.
Daily menu
This article provides a detailed menu for the week. In case of liver disease, diet No. 5 must be strictly adhered to. Start conditional Monday with a breakfast of milk with cottage cheese, buckwheat and tea. For lunch, eat two medium apples. For lunch, you can afford vegetarian soup, meat noodles and apple jelly. Snack - cookies with tea. For dinner - boiled fish with potatoes, and before going to bed, drink kefir.
On Tuesday, with liver disease on a diet (table number 5), cook pasta with lean meat and tea with milk. For lunch, eat cottage cheese with milk, and for lunch - stuffed cabbage, potato soup and jelly on berries. Afternoon snack - a pair of medium apples. For dinner - milk rice porridge and a glass of mineral water, drink kefir before bedtime.
On Wednesday for breakfast, eat oatmeal in milk, boiled fish and tea. For a breakfast, prepare a cabbage casserole. Lunch should consist of vermicelli soup, stewed carrots with boiled meat and dried fruit compote. During afternoon tea, drink tea with cookies. For dinner, cook the buckwheat porridge and drink it with a glass of water. Before going to bed - traditional kefir.
On Thursday, you can afford steamed protein omelet for breakfast, rice porridge with milk and tea for breakfast. For lunch, eat cottage cheese with a couple of spoons of sour cream.
For lunch - beetroot, cabbage and potato without meat, mashed potatoes and dried fruit compote. Snack - tea with cookies. For dinner, cook pasta with cheese and drink a glass of water. Before going to bed - again kefir.
On Friday, arrange a salad of apples and raw carrots, steamed meat patties and tea for breakfast. For lunch, bake an apple in the oven. For lunch, make mashed potato soup and cook fish that you can eat with stewed cabbage. For dessert - fresh fruit. During the afternoon snack, eat cookies with a rosehip decoction. For dinner, prepare a buckwheat groats and drink a glass of water, before going to bed, do not forget to drink kefir.
On Saturday, cook boiled potatoes with herring and tea for breakfast, eat two apples for lunch. For lunch, organize vegetarian cabbage soup with fresh cabbage, for the second - steam cutlets with noodles, for dessert - dried fruit compote. During the afternoon snack, drink cookies with a rosehip decoction. Your dinner may consist of a protein omelet, cheesecakes with sour cream and a glass of water, before going to bed - another glass of kefir.
On Sunday, eat buckwheat porridge with tea for breakfast. For lunch, jam with mashed carrots. For lunch, eat veggie borsch with cottage cheese pudding and baked apple. For an afternoon snack - berry jelly. During dinner, allow yourself semolina porridge with prunes and a glass of water. Before going to bed, unchanging kefir.
Recipes for liver disease
During a diet for liver disease, recipes for original dishes help diversify the diet. For example, you can make mashed soup with oatmeal and pumpkin.
To do this, cut 100 g of peeled pumpkin into cubes and fill with cold water. Cook until half cooked. Transfer the pumpkins into a skillet with high sides and simmer under the lid with butter, adding two tablespoons of oatmeal. Do not forget to stir constantly, and then put this mixture in a blender and chop.
The second one also has an interesting recipe. In liver disease, the diet allows for beef steak. Soak 25 g of stale white bread in milk. Cleanse 125 g of beef from fat and tendons. Stuffing mince through a meat grinder. Formed cutlets are steamed for about 20 minutes.