Focal pulmonary tuberculosis is characterized by localized changes in their tissue and a certain limitation of the lesion. In other words, the sources of the disease are located in any one segment and are very rarely able to spread over a vast area.
Focal tuberculosis is one of the most common forms of this disease.
Its primary development is noted, on average, in sixty percent of all cases of the onset of the disease.
Specialists classify fibrotic and soft focal tuberculosis.
The first type is characterized by a phase of tissue scarring, the second - by the stage of infiltration.
Fibrous focal tuberculosis is formed, as a rule, as a result of incomplete compaction or resorption of a soft, hematogenously disseminated or infiltrative form of the disease. In rare cases, its occurrence is associated with the process of scarring caverns.
Soft focal tuberculosis refers to the initial stage of the disease of a limited infiltrative course.
These forms of the disease differ from each other in pathogenesis. Their common feature is the limited scope of the lesion. Tissue changes are presented as single foci. Their diameter, as a rule, is not more than a centimeter. The foci of the disease are most often located in the upper pulmonary areas. In most cases, this form of the disease is one-sided. However, in practice, bilateral lesions were also observed.
The soft focal form is characterized by less pronounced symptoms of toxin poisoning than the infiltrative stage. In addition, in the first case, the course of the disease, if decay has not begun, is not accompanied by any extraneous sounds from the chest. X-ray examination reveals inside the lungs one or more foci of small size. In the event of a favorable outcome, soft areas of the lesion gradually scar or dissolve. Active progression of the disease can lead to the development of a cavernous or infiltrative form.
The fibrous stage, as a rule, proceeds favorably. However, throughout the illness subfebrile condition, emaciation and other unexpressed signs of poisoning by toxins are noted. A distinctive feature of people with a fibrous form is the “wrinkling” of the upper lung, due to which supraclavicular and subclavian fossae are clearly visible. During the examination, wet rales that occur with excessively hard breathing can be clearly observed .
One of the consequences of focal forms of tuberculosis is perifocal pleurisy. In this condition, noise arises from friction of the pleura.
Sputum production and wheezing are caused by bronchial deformity and bronchiectasis. These violations are confirmed by a special study. Such symptoms are usually associated with a fibrous form. In addition, its characteristic manifestation is hemoptysis.
With the development of subfebrile condition on the background of a fibro-focal form, the occurrence of wheezing and sputum production, patients are referred to the third group in the dispensary. Pronounced respiratory disorders can cause disability in patients. Regular exacerbations of the disease suggest the necessary treatment. In the absence of active signs of tuberculosis, the patient is considered cured of the disease. He should undergo regular rehabilitation, as well as follow the measures and the regime of disease prevention.
Tuberculosis is considered a complex and very dangerous disease. However, it is treatable. A favorable outcome is guaranteed only if symptoms are noticed in a timely manner. It should be noted that parents should pay special attention to the health of their babies in order to identify signs of tuberculosis in children on time.
The main manifestations of the disease in a child include weakness, irritability, lack of weight gain. In this case, temperature can increase and lymph nodes increase.